Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume V.djvu/694

 690 DARLINGTON wrecked on one of the crags of the Farne group. Of 53 persons on board, 38 perished, including the captain and his wife. On the morning of the 7th the survivors were discovered by Grace clinging to the rocks and remnants of the ves- sel, in imminent danger of being washed off by the returning tide. Grace, with the assistance of her parents, but against their remonstrances, immediately launched a boat and with her father succeeded in rescuing nine of them, and six escaped by other means. Presents and demonstrations of admiration were showered upon her from all parts of the United Kingdom, and a public subscription to the amount of 700 was raised for her. DARLINGTON, a N. E. county of South Caro^ lina, in the alluvial region of the state, bounded N. E. by the Great Pedee, S. W. by Lynch's creek, and N. W. by Cedar creek; area, 800 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 26,243, of whom 16,146 were colored. It is well watered, and the river lands are very fertile; the uplands are inferior, but occasionally well timbered. Re- clamations from the borders of the Pedee, Lynch's, and Black river have yielded vast bodies of the rich swamp lands for cultivation. The surface is undulating, sometimes rising into hills of 300 ft. The Pedee is navigable by steamers its whole length, and Lynch's for 80 m. from its junction with the former river. The Wilmington, Columbia, and Augusta, the Cheraw and Darlington, and the Northeastern railroads traverse the county. The chief pro- ductions in 1870 were 15,308 bushels of wheat, 484,076 of Indian corn, 28,392 of oats, 122,856 of peas and beans, 170,070 of sweet potatoes, 34,591 bales of cotton, and 44,154 Ibs. of rice. There were 2,550 horses, 2,918 milch cows, 6,593 other cattle, and 16,947 swine; 4 saw mills and 1 machine shop. Capital, Darlington Court House. DARLINGTON, a parliamentary and municipal borough and market town of Durham, Eng- land, on the Skerne, 18 m. S. E. of Durham, and 220 m. N. N. W. of London ; pop. in 1871, 27,730. It is built in the form of a square, the centre occupied by a market place, from which radiate several streets locally called gates. It is generally well built, and contains a Gothic church founded in 1160, and three other Angli- can churches. There are 18 chapels and places of worship for other denominations, of which nine are Methodist, a free grammar school, an academy founded by the society of Friends, a national school, a school of art, a town hall, a central hall, several almshouses, a dispensary, a mechanics' institute, a public library, gas works, and a savings bank. The chief branches <>f industry are the carding and spinning of wool, flax spinning, and the manufacture of carpets, brass, and iron. There is an extensive market for sheep and cattle every fortnight. Darlington is at the junction of the South Dur- ham and Lancashire railway with the main Northeastern line, and thus has direct commu- nication with the coal and iron, manufactur- DARMSTADT ing, and shipping districts of the country. The first locomotive used for passenger traffic was run upon the railway between Darlington and Stockton in 1826, at the rate of nine miles an hour. The town is governed by a bailiff ap- pointed by the bishop of Durham, and gives the title of earl to the duke of Cleveland. DARLINGTON, William, an American botanist and politician, born in Birmingham, Chester co., Pa., April 28, 1782, died in West Chester, Pa., April 23, 1863. He received the degree of M. D. from the university of Pennsylvania in 1804, and in 1806 went to Calcutta as surgeon of a merchant ship. A sketch of his voyage, under the title of " Letters from Calcutta," was afterward published in the " Analectic Maga- zine." He returned in 1807, married, and for several years practised medicine at West Ches- ter. Here he soon entered into politics, and on the breaking out of hostilities in 1812 he aided in raising an armed corps in his neighbor- hood, and in 1814 was chosen major of a vol- unteer regiment. He was a member of con- gress 1815-'17 and 1819-'23. He founded at West Chester an academy, an athenaeum, and a society of natural history. In 1813 he be- gan a descriptive catalogue of plants growing around West Chester, which was published in 1826 under the title of Florula Cestrica, after- ward merged in the Flora Cestrica, published in 1837, and rewritten and republished in 1853, containing a complete description and classifi- cation of every plant known to exist in the county. In 1843 he edited the correspondence of his friend Dr. William Baldwin, with a memoir, under the title of Reliquia Baldwin- iancB. He also published " Mutual Influence of Habits and Disease" (1804-'6); "Agricultural Botany" (1847), "Agricultural Chemistry" (1847), and "Memorials of John Bartram and Humphrey Marshall " (1849). DARMSTADT, the capital of the grand duchy of Hesse, and of a circle of its own name, in the province of Starkenburg, situated on the small river Darm, 16 m. S. of Frankfort, and 32 m. N. of Heidelberg; pop. in 1871, inclu- ding the suburb of Bessungen, 39,584, mostly Protestants. The new part of the town con- tains beautiful streets and squares, and fine pleasure grounds. The old town with its nar- row and crooked streets is in the background, and none of the great thoroughfares pass through it. Among the remarkable buildings are the ducal palace (with a library of 450,000 volumes and 4,000 MSS.), the diet house, the mint, and the Catholic church, built after the model of the Pantheon at Rome. There are galleries of pictures and of statuary and coins, a museum of natural history, two colleges, a gymnasium, various other schools, including one for the education of artisans, a house of correction, iron founderies, breweries, 15 print- ing offices, a botanic garden, a military acade- my, an extensive armory, and many scientific and artistic societies. There are charitable in- stitutions for the benefit of poor young girls