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 COLLIER COLLIERY doctrines, as compared with those of Berke- ley, is that given by Tennemann. Reid was the first to call attention to the Clavis Uni- versalis in England; and in 1837 it was pub- lished in London as part of the contents of a volume of metaphysical tracts, which had been prepared for the press by Dr. Parr. In the same year the memoirs of his life and writings, by Robert Benson, appeared in Lon- don. The Clavis was subsequently reprinted in Edinburgh. Other publications of Collier were the "Specimen of True Philosophy" (1713), the "Logology " (1732), and two con- troversial sermons. In religion he was an Arian, and also a high churchman on grounds which his associates could not understand. COLLIER, Jeremy, an English nonjuring clergy- man, born at Stow Qui, Cambridgeshire, Sept. 23, 1650, died in London, April 26, 1726. He was educated at Caius college, Cambridge, and became successively chaplain to the countess dowager of Dorset, rector of Ampton in Suf- folk, and in 1685 lecturer of Gray's Inn, Lon- don. Upon the revolution he engaged in con- troversy with Bishop Burnet and others, and opposed the new organization of church and state during many years in numerous pam- phlets, which were written with great ability. He was imprisoned for a short time in 1688 for a publication in favor of the dethroned mon- arch. He was again arrested in 1692 on the Kentish coast, on the supposition that he was in communication with the Jacobites across the channel, and refusing to acknowledge the jurisdiction of the court by putting in bail, he was again imprisoned, but was finally released without trial. In 1696, when Friend and Par- kyns were condemned for plotting to assassi- nate King William, Collier attended the pris- oners in Newgate, accompanied them to the gallows at Tyburn, and there gave them absolu- tion. The result was that a warrant was issued for his arrest, but he made his escape, and it could not be executed. From his hiding place he published a defence of his conduct, which immediately received many answers, one of which was signed by the two archbishops and all the bishops then in London, 12 in number. He again refused to acknowledge the jurisdic- tion of the court by putting in bail, and suffered sentence of outlawry, which was not reversed during the remainder of his life. He pub- lished in 1697 the first volume of his "Essays upon several Moral Subjects," and in the next year his " Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage." The latter engaged him in a lively controversy with Con- greve and Vanbrugh, and the wits of the time. The discussion lasted ten years, and contributed decidedly to the improvement of the English stage. Among his later publications were a translation of Moreri's " Historical Dictionary " (1701-'21), an "Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain " (1708-'14), two additional volumes of "Essays upon Moral Subjects," and a volume of "Practical Discourses" (1725). COLLIER, John Payne, an English author and commentator on Shakespeare, born in London in 1789. He studied law, and was for several years parliamentary reporter for the " Morn- ing Chronicle " newspaper. He published in journals and reviews criticisms and annota- tations on the old English poets, in 1820 the "Poetical Decameron," a series of dialogues on the poets chiefly of the reigns of Elizabeth and James I., and in 1825 a poem entitled the " Poet's Pilgrimage." In 1825-'7 he edited a new edition of Dodsley's "Old Plays," adding 11 additional plays to it. In 1831 appeared his " History of English Dramatic Poetry," contain- ing a great variety of information collected from original sources. Many valuable collections, such as the library of the duke of Devonshire and that of Lord Ellesmere, were in conse- quence of this publication opened to his re- searches. In Lord Ellesmere's collection of MSS. he found most of the materials for his series of " New Facts" and "Further Particu- lars " concerning Shakespeare and his works, published between 1835 and 1839. In 1844 he completed the publication of a new life of Shakespeare, and a new edition of his works, for which he had collected materials during 20 years, the text being founded on a new colla- tion of the old editions. In 1852 he publish- ed " Notes and Emendations " to the text of Shakespeare, from early manuscript correc- tions on the margin of a recently discovered copy of the folio of 1632, and the next year a new edition of the plays, with the text regu- lated by collation of this folio and of other old editions. These publications excited much in- terest and discussion concerning the date and authority of the manuscript corrections. Mr. Collier has been a zealous member of both the Camden and Shakespeare societies, for which he has edited several interesting works, as the "Memoirs of Edward Alleyn" (1841), the " Diary of Philip Henslowe " (1845), "Memoirs of the principal Actors in Shakespeare's Plays " (1846), and "Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' Company from 1557 to 1580 " (1848-'9). In 1865 he published a "Biblio- graphical Account of Rare Books" (2 vols.), and in 1866 commenced a series of reprints of the early English poets and pamphleteers. He receives an annual pension from the crown of 100, granted by Sir Robert Peel. COLLIERY, a term applied to coal-mining establishments, including the mines, buildings, and machinery employed. In their simplest form, as now seen in the Alleghany coal field, where the strata lie nearly horizontal, and generally in the hills or mountains above the level of the streams, or common water level, the collieries employ little or no machinery ; but at the deep and extensive mines of the Pennsylvania anthracite fields, and in the older mining districts of Europe, these establish- ments are of immense proportions, employing hundreds of hands and a vast capital. Primi- tively, the process of digging coal and other