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 CULIACAN CULLEN 563 deen, 1861), of the Scottish. The order be- came extinct early in the 17th century. CULIACAN, a city of Mexico, capital of the state of Sinaloa, on the left bank of a river of the same name, in lat. 25 10' N., Ion. 107 59' W., 160 m. W. N. W. of Durango; pop. 10,000. It is surrounded by a well watered and productive country; and there are rich gold and silver mines in the vicinity, which are worked with considerable success. The city has regular streets and a fine public square surrounded by a colonnade. Among its prin- cipal buildings are a large cathedral, decorated with good paintings, a mint erected at a cost of $350,000, and a splendid club house. It occupies the site of the Aztec city of Huci- colhuacan, famous in Mexican history. The river Ouliacan, about 200 m. long, flows cir- cuitously to the gulf of California, in lat. 24 50' N. At its mouth is the little town of Altata, the port of Ouliacan. Nicaragua wood is exported. CULLEN, Paul, an Irish Catholic prelate, born in the county Carlo w, April 27, 1803. His pa- rents sent him at an early age to Rome, where he was educated at the college of the Propa- ganda, and was after his ordination appointed professor of Hebrew. He had been for several years rector of the Irish college when Pius IX. (1 848) fled to Gaeta ; and, as all the rectors of colleges in Rome who were not foreigners had to leave the city, Dr. Cullen was charged temporarily with the care of their establish- ments. He showed remarkable tact and firm- ness in dealing with the republican authorities, and saved both the Propaganda and the Roman college in a critical moment by placing them under the protection of the American flag. The primatial see of Armagh having become vacant by the death of Archbishop Crolly, and the suffragans failing to agree in the choice of his successor, Pius IX. nominated Dr. Cullen to the post. Consecrated Feb. 24, 1850, he went to Ireland with the title of delegate apos- tolic added to that of primate. He immedi- ately set to work to secure for the Catholics of Ireland a system of primary and secondary ed- ucation which might preserve the pupils from proselytism, calling a synod at Thurles, in which effectual measures were adopted for the foun- dation of a Catholic university. In 1852, on the death of Archbishop Murray, Dr. Cullen was translated to the see of Dublin, thus losing the primatial rank inherent in the see of Ar- magh, but confirmed for life in his position of delegate apostolic, which placed him at the head of the Irish hierarchy. This change was made to enable him to carry out his plans for the es- tablishment of the Catholic university of Dub- lin, and to this work he bent himself. Proper- ty in the city was purchased, and in 1854 the university courses were opened under the pres- idency of John Henry Newman ; and a new- university building was commenced at Drum- condra, the archbishop of New York preach- ing on the occasion of the laying of the corner stone, July 20, 1862. In June, 1866, Dr. Cul- len was created cardinal; and in October, 1867, the archbishops and bishops of Ireland met in Dublin under his presidency as delegate apos- tolic, and published resolutions declining all help from the state and condemning mixed education and secret societies. In the coun- cil of the Vatican Cardinal Cullen was conspi- cuous as an advocate ,of papal infallibility. He is the first bishop of Irish birth who has been raised to the cardinalate since the refor- mation, and the first cardinal among the count- less prelates educated in the college of the Propaganda. CULLEN, William, a Scottish physician, born in Hamilton, Lanarkshire, April 15, 1710, died near Edinburgh, Feb. 5, 1790. He studied medicine at the university of Glasgow, and at the same time served an apprenticeship to a surgeon apothecary of that place. At the age of 19 he procured the berth of surgeon on a merchant ship in the West India trade, and in 1732 returned to Scotland. While he was practising at Hamilton, William Hunter became his pupil under an agreement of ultimate part- nership, which was broken off by Hunter's settling in London in 1741. In 1745 Cullen took up his residence in Glasgow, and in the succeeding year commenced a course of lectures in the university on the theory and practice of medicine. In 1751 he became professor of medicine, and lectured on chemistry, materia medica, and botany, giving much attention to the application of chemistry to agriculture and the useful arts. In 1756 he removed to Edin- burgh to assume the chair of chemistry, and Thomson, in his. "History of Chemistry," speaks of Cullen "as the true commencer of the study of scientific chemistry in Great Britain." He continued to be connected with the university until his death, and for nearly 34 years lectured with great reputation on chemistry, materia medica, and the theory and practice of medi- cine. He also delivered several series of clin- ical lectures at the royal infirmary. He pos- sessed in a rare degree the faculty of presenting an abstract subject in a clear and attractive light, and his lectures, which were nearly ex- temporaneous, seldom failed to excite the in- terest and even the enthusiasm of his pupils. It is said that the class in materia medica, which under the former professor, Alston, a man of great learning, had not exceeded 10, was at once increased by Cullen to over 100. His works are : " First Lines of the Practice of Physic" (1775), containing his system of the nature and cure of diseases, which super- seded that of Boerhaave; "Institutions of Medicine" (1777); Synopsis Nosologies Metho- diccB (1780) ; a " Treatise of the Materia Medi- ca" (1789); and some minor miscellaneous publications. The first of these were transla- ted into several languages, and went through many editions. His clinical lectures were also published after his death, probably from notes taken by one of his pupils.