Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume V.djvu/483

 CREUZNACH CRIBBAGE 479 studies in his native city, and completed them at the university of Jena. After his return to Marburg he was appointed professor of Greek, and subsequently of rhetoric, poetry, and Greek literature ; and in 1804 he became professor of philology and ancient history at Heidelberg, which post he held till 1845. The philological seminary, which was founded at Heidelberg in 1807 according to his plans, has since exercised a marked influence upon that branch of science in Germany. His literary fame rests chiefly on his Symbolilc und Myiho- logie der alien Volker, besonders der Griechen .(4 vols., Leipsic, 1810-'12). This work, which contends for a bold and mystical theory as to the extreme antiquity and oriental origin of the Greek mythological systems, drew upon the author a series of critical attacks from Hermann, Voss, Lobeck, and others. Among the most remarkable of his other publications are editions of Plotinus (3 vols., Oxford, 1835) and Cicero ; Die HistoriscJie Kunst der Griechen (Leipsic, 1803) ; Dionysus, sen Gom- mentationes de Serum BaccMcarum Origini- bus et Gausis (2 vols., Heidelberg, 1808) ; Abriss der romiscJien Antiquitdten (Leipsic, 1824); Zur GescJiichte altromischer Gultur am Ober- rhein und Neckar (Leipsic, 1833) ; Zur Galerie der alien Dramatiker (Heidelberg, 1839); Zur GescMchte der classischen PMlologie (Frank- fort, 1854) ; and the autobiographical sketches Aus dem Leben eines alien Professors (Leipsic, 1848), and Paralipomena der Lebensslcizze eines alien Professors (Frankfort, 1858). Several of his works have been translated into foreign languages. CREUZNACH, a town and watering place of Rhenish Prussia, in the district of Coblentz, picturesquely situated on the Nahe, 8 m. S. of Bingen ; pop. in 1872, 12,874. There are ex- tensive salt works in the neighborhood, and mineral springs which, containing iodine and bromine in larger proportions than any other known, are very efficacious in scrofulous dis- eases. In the vicinity are the ruins of the castle of Ebernburg, destroyed by the French toward the end of the 17th century, in former times a place of refuge for Ulrich von Hutten, Melanchthon, and other friends of Franz von Sickingen, to whom it then belonged. CREVECCECR, Hector Saint-John dc, a French agriculturist and traveller, born at Caen in 1731, died at Sarcelles, near Paris, in 1813. He spent six years in England studying agricul- tural and politico-economical science, and in 1754 went to America, and after travelling some time settled in New York as a farmer. During the revolution he was captured and sent to England as a prisoner, and after being exchanged went to Normandy. Subsequently he returned to the United States as French consul general for the states of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. He found his property destroyed by tire, and his wife dead ; but his children had been well cared for by Mr. Fellowes of Boston, who had heard of their 236 VOL. v. 31 father's generous assistance to some American sailors cast away on the coast of Normandy. The seal of Hartford was engraved under his supervision about 1785, and used in conferring the freedom of that city upon himself and his two sons, and upon Lafayette and his son. He returned to France in the latter part of his life. He was a correspondent of the institute from its foundation. Besides a pamphlet in 1782 on his introduction of the potato into lower Nor- mandy, and other anonymous writings, he published Lettres d'un cultivaieur americain (2 vols., Paris, 1784), and Voyage dans la haute Pensylvanie et dans Vfitat de New York (2 vols., 1801). CREVECCEUR, Philippe de, baron d'Esquerdes, a French soldier, born early in the 15th cen- tury, died at La Bresle, near Lyons, in 1494. He was in the service of the duke of Burgundy, and distinguished himself under Charles the Bold, after whose death he entered the service of Louis XL, of whom he remained a favorite even after his foolhardy conduct at the battle of Guinegate in 1479, which converted vic- tory into defeat, and which afterward led to his losing his knightship of the golden fleece. He was successful in subsequent military and diplomatic undertakings, and signed in 1482 the treaty of Arras, which gave the two duch- ies of Burgundy and the county of Artois to the French crown. He worsted Duke Maxi- milian in Picardy, taking St. Omer and The"- rouanne. Charles VIII., the successor of Louis XL, made him a marshal in 1492. As pleni- potentiary he signed at Staples the treaty of peace with England. Though disapproving of Charles's projects, he accompanied him on his expedition for the conquest of the kingdom of Naples, but died on the way. CREWE, a town of Cheshire, England, 20 m. S. E. of Chester ; pop. about 18,000. A few years ago it was an insignificant village, having in 1841 a population of 396 ; but it is now an important railway centre, from which diverge various branches of the London and North- western railway. This company has here ex- tensive locomotive and carriage-making shops, rolling mills, forges, and general repairing works, which give employment to a large number of hands. The town is well built and paved, is lighted with gas, and well supplied with water. Among the public buildings are two churches, a number of chapels, a news room, library, assembly room, and baths. The houses built by the railway company for work- men are remarkably neat and comfortable. CRIBBAGE, a game played by two persons with a full pack of 52 cards. The points con- stituting the game, 61 in number, are scored by pegs on a board perforated with the ne- cessary number of holes, called the cribbage board. The advantage lies with the dealer, who makes up a third hand for himself, called the crib, partly out of the hand of his opponent, to offset which the latter at the commencement of the game is entitled to score three points.