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 314 COPE COPENHAGEN Among his later productions are : " Parting of Lord and Lady Kussell " (1861), "Convales- cent," and "Scholar's Mate" (1862). He is equally successful in painting historical and domestic scenes. COPE, Kdward Drinker, an American natural- ist and comparative anatomist, born in Phila- delphia in 1840. He became professor of natural science in Hav- erford college, Pa., in 1864, and resigned from ill health in 1867, and devoted himself to zool- ogy and geology. Since 1859 he has contributed to scientific journals more than 100 papers, among which are con- tributions to the herpe- tology of tropical coun- tries ; monographs of the ichthyology of Penn- sylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Michigan, &c. ; " Primary Groups of Batrachia Anura " (1865); "OntheArcif- erous Anura" (1866); reports on the reptilia of the several exploring expeditions (1862-'8) ; " History of the Ceta- cea of the Eastern North American Coast " (1866) ; " Synopsis of the Extinct Cetacea of the United States" (1867-'8) ; "Systematic Arrangement of the Lacertilia and Ophidia " (1864), and "of the Class Reptilia" (1870); and " Origin of Genera " (1868). In 1868-'9 he investigated the greensand of the creta- ceous formation of New Jersey, and discovered several new genera and species, which he described in " A Synopsis of the Extinct Ba- trachia, Reptilia, and Aves of North America " (4to, Philadelphia, 1869; published also in vol. xiv. of the " Transactions of the Ameri- can Philosophical Society "). His paper on the " Systematic Relations of the Fishes," in the annual volume for 1871 of the American association for the advancement of science, is founded on the study of 1,000 skeletons, 800 of which were collected by the anatomist Prof. Joseph Hyrtl of Vienna, and are now in Prof. Cope's museum. His paper " On the Hy- pothesis of Evolution, Physical and Metaphys- ical," appeared in " Lippincott's Magazine " for July, August, and September, 1870, and is No. 4 of the " University Series of Valua- ble Lectures and Essays" (New Haven, 1871). In August, 1871, he read a paper before the American association for the advancement of science " On the Method of Creation, or the Laws of Organic Development," which he expanded in a series of four articles in " The Penn Monthly Magazine " for 1872. Besides the above, and other scientific papers, he has written reports on the " Extinct Vertebrates of the Eocene of Wyoming and Nevada" (1872), and on "New Vertebrata from the Tertiary of Colorado" (1873). COPENHAGEN (Danish, Kjobenhavn, mer- chants' harbor; Lat. Hafnid), the capital of Denmark, situated partly on the island of See- land in the Baltic, and partly on the island of Amager ; lat. 55 41' N., Ion. 12 34' E. ; pop. The Thorwaldsen Museum. in 1871, 181,291, all Lutheran, with the ex- ception of 3,000 Jews, 1,100 Catholics, and about 1,000 of other sects. Besides several suburbs, it consists of three principal divisions, viz. : the old city or West End, the new city or Frederiksborg, on the island of Seeland, and Christianshavn, on the island of Amager. The city is protected by the fortress of Fre- Exchaage. derikshavn. The channel between the main island and Amager constitutes the harbor, which is very capacious. The city contains numerous public squares, churches, and hospi- tals, several theatres, an arsenal, exchange, and four royal palaces. The centre of the city is formed by the Kongens Nytorv, a large and handsome square, from which issue the