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 COOKMAN COOLY 301 between 1480 and 1602. An excellent Italian treatise on cookery by Bartolomineo Scappi, chief cook of Pope Pius V., was published in 1570. Among the numerous cookery books which are in use and authority at the pres- ent time are Rumohr's edition of Konig's Geist der KoMunst (Stuttgart, 1832) ; Otto's Prak- tische Anleitung zur KocJikunst (Leipsic, 1842) ; Careme's Art de la cuisine fran$aise au XIX. siecle, also his Pdtissier pittoresque and Cuisi- nier parisien (Paris, 1854); Plumerey's Entrees cJiaudes (Paris, 1854) ; the Dictionnaire ge- neral de la cuisine francaise ; "The Cook, or Ladies' Kitchen Directory " (London) ; Kitchi- ner's " Cook's Oracle ;" " Encyclopaedia of Domestic Economy," by Webster and Parkes (London, 1844; with additions, New York, 1845) ; the " Housekeeper's Receipt Book," by Miss Catharine E. Beecher (New York, 1845); Miss Leslie's "New Cookery Book " (Philadel- phia, 1857) ; " The Modern Cook, a Practical Guide to the Culinary Art in all its Branches," by 0. E. Francatelli, pupil of Car erne, and late maUre d'Mtel to the queen of England (with additions, Philadelphia, 1858); "The Mo- dern Housewife," translated from the French of Alexis Soyer (New York, 1859) ; " What to Eat and How to Cook it," by Pierre Blot (New York, 1863); "Handbook of Critical Cookery," by Pierre Blot (New York, 1868); " Common Sense in the Kitchen," by Marian Harland (New York, 1871) ; and Alexandre Du- mas's Grand dictionnaire de cuisine (Paris, 1873). Other works in illustration of the subject are De Honesta Voluptate et Valetu- dine, by the Italian ecclesiastic Platina (1473) ; the Almanack des gourmands, by Grimod de la Reyniere (8 vols., Paris, 1803-' 12) ; and the brilliant and amusing Physiologie du gout, by Brillat-Savarin (Paris, 1825). COOKMAN, George G., an American clergy- man, born in Hull, England, Oct. 21, 1800, died at sea in March, 1841. He received a careful education, and joined the Methodist church in 1820. Three years later he visited the United States on business connected with his father's firm, and while here resolved to enter the ministry. In 1825 he joined the Philadelphia conference, and in 1833 was trans- ferred to the Baltimore conference, and after- ward labored in various portions of Pennsyl- vania, New Jersey, Maryland, and the District of Columbia. In 1838-'9 he was elected chap- lain to congress. On March 11, 1841, he em- barked in the steamship President to visit his native land, and perished with that vessel. Of his numerous sermons and addresses only one small volume has been published, " Speeches " (New York, 1841). COOK'S ISLANDS, or Harvey Archipelago, a group of islands in the Pacific, lying S. of Poly- nesia, between the archipelago of Tonga on the west and Tahiti on the east, in lat. 20 S., Ion. 157 W. The largest are Mangeia, Atiou, Harvey, and Raratonga. They are inhabited by people of the Malay race, most of whom have been converted to Christianity by English missionaries. Raratonga is a centre of Protes- tant missions in the Pacific islands. The pop- ulation is estimated at 11,500, of whom 5,000 belong to Mangeia, 3,500 to Raratonga, and 1,000 to Atiou. COOK'S STRAIT, a passage separating the northern and middle islands of the New Zea- land group. Its discovery by Capt. Cook dis- sipated the belief then prevalent that New Zealand was part of a great southern continent. It varies from 20 to 80 m. in width. Welling- ton and Nelson, two of the largest towns of the English colony, are on this strait, the shores of which are subject to occasional earthquakes. COOKSTOWN, a town of Ireland, county Tyrone, situated on the Belfast and Northern Counties railway, 10 m. N. of Dungannon; pop. in 1871, 3,653. It contains a Protestant church, a Roman Catholic church, two Meth- odist and three Presbyterian chapels ; and in the vicinity is the union workhouse. The flax market is among the largest in Ulster. COOLEY, Thomas Melntyre, an American ju- rist, born at Attica, N. Y., .Jan. 6, 1824. He began the study of law in 1842 at Palmyra, N. Y., but removed the next year to Adrian, Mich., where he was admitted to the bar in 1845. For a time he edited a newspaper, "The Watch Tower." In 1857 he was ap- pointed by the legislature to compile and pub- lish the laws of the state, and in 1858 he was chosen reporter of the decisions of the supreme court. He held this office seven years, during which he published eight volumes of reports, which were followed by a digest of all the reports of the state. In 1859 the law depart- ment of the Michigan university was organ- ized, and he was chosen one of the board of professors. He removed to Ann Arbor, where he resides, holding the office of dean in the law faculty. In 1864 he was elected to fill a va- cancy on the bench of the supreme court of the state, and in 1869 was elected to that office for the full term of eight years. In 1868-'9 he held the position of chief justice. He has pub- lished a treatise on " The Constitutional Limi- tations which rest upon the Legislative Power of the States of the American Union" (1868; 2d ed., enlarged, 1871), and editions, with co- pious notes, of Blackstone's "Commentaries" (1870), and of Story's "Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States," with addi- tional chapters on the new amendments (1873). He has during his judicial career given many important opinions, some of them upon great constitutional questions. Among these is one in 1870 against the right of cities and towns to raise money by public tax in aid of railways and private corporations. COOLY (Hindostanee, Mli, day laborer), a term applied by Europeans to laborers in the East Indies, China, and Japan. It has become familiar chiefly in a restricted sense, denoting those eastern laborers imported for work upon tropical plantations, either under contract for