Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume V.djvu/134

 130 COLUMBUS COLWELL but whitened early. The nobleness of his bearing commanded respect. He spoke fluently, and his conversation was vivacious, although at a later period, when he had been tried by misfortune, he says his "speech was abrupt and little amiable." In personal habits he was temperate, and toward his family enter- tained the warmest affection. His sons were more fortunate than himself. Diego sued the king in the high council of the Indies, and, re- covering the viceroyalty of Hispaniola, mar- ried Maria de Toledo, niece of the duke of Alva. Their eldest son, Luis, exchanged the hereditary dignity of admiral for a pension and the title of duke of Veragua, marquis of Jamai- ca. Luis's eldest daughter married her cousin Diego, and died without issue, the male line thus becoming extinct. Finally the property and titles became in 1608 merged by marriage through the female line in a branch of the house of Braganca. See Fernando Colon, Eis- toria del Almirante Cristoforo Colombo, suo padre (Italian translation from the Spanish MS., Venice, 1571) ; Navigatio Christophori Columbi (Vicenza, 1507) ; Godice diplomatico Colombo-Americano (Genoa, 1523) ; Oviedo, Historia general de las Indias (1535-'7) ; Her- rera, Indias Occidentals (1601); Robertson's ''History of America" (1777); Bossi, Vita di Colombo (Milan, 1818) ; Navarrete, Rela- tion de los quatro viajes de Cristobal Colon (1825); Washington Irving, "Life and Voy- ages of Columbus " (New York, 1828) ; Pres- cott, "Ferdinand and Isabella" (Boston, 1838) ; Schneidawind, ChristopJi Columbus, Americas Entdecker (1843) ; A. Sanguinetti, Vita di C. Colombo (1846) ; Roselly de Lorgues, CJiris- tophe Colombe, sa meetses voyages (Paris, 1856) ; Patria e biografia di Cristoforo Colombo (Ge- noa, 1858); Peschel, Ueber das G-eburtsjahr des Entdeckers von America (in Das Ausland, 1866); H. Harrisse, BibliotJieca Americana Vetustissima (New York, 1866); D'Avezac, Annee veritable de la naissance de Christophe Colombe (in the Bulletin de la societe de geo- graphic, July, 1872). The complete works (Raccolta completa) of Columbus were pub- lished by Torre in 1864 (Lyons). II. Barto- lommeo, elder brother of the preceding, born in Genoa about 1432, died in 1514. In 1470 he was established as a mariner and constructor of maps at Lisbon, whither many adventu- rous navigators had been drawn by royal pa- tronage. He is believed to have visited the Cape of Good Hope with Bartholomew Diaz. It is not known how long he was absent when his brother sent him to England to seek the aid of Henry VII., but it appears certain that Christopher was ignorant of his fate, further than that he was captured by pirates. He did, however, attain the ear of the English monarch, and presented him with a map of the world, but it does not appear that he suc- ceeded hi procuring English aid. On his re- turn through France lie learned that his bro- ther had already discovered the new world, and had sailed on a second voyage. Hasten- ing to the Spanish court, he was received as became the brother of the admiral. Queen Isabella sent him in command of three store ships to the new colony of Hispaniola, where Christopher received him with joy, and ap- pointed him adelantado or lieutenant governor of the Indies. In this position Bartolommeo showed great bravery and decision. He shared his brother's imprisonment, and with him was liberated on reaching Spain, where the Spanish monarchs confirmed his title, and gave him the lordship of the small island of Mona near Santo Domingo, with 200 Indians as his personal body guard. The fierce energy of his character, however, made them jealous of giving him much latitude in affairs. He died childless. ( OLHIKLLA, Lneins Jmiius Moderates, a R man writer on rural affairs, flourished abou A. D. 40. He was a native of Gades (Cadiz but resided chiefly at Rome. His treatise Re Rustica is one of the most valuable wor on agriculture which have come down to from antiquity. It is divided into 12 books, o which the 10th is in verse. The earlier ed tions of this work contain also his treati De Arboribus, in one book. According to Pliny, Columella wrote a work on ancient sacrifi for obtaining the fruits of the earth, but this i lost. The editio princeps, printed in folio b Jenson at Venice, in 1472, and forming of a collection of Rei Rusticce Scriptores vari is very rare. The most complete edition contained in the Scriptores Rei Rustic o Schneider (4 vols. 8vo., Leipsic, 1794). COLUSA, a N. county of California, bound E. by the Sacramento river and W. by t'. Coast range of mountains; area, 2,376 sq. m. pop. in 1870, 6,165, of whom 271 were Chin Several streams rise in the Coast range, b sink before reaching the Sacramento ; S and Sycamore creeks traverse the count; Quicksilver, sulphur, and salt are found. Th soil is fertile. The chief productions in 187 were 701,174 bushels of wheat, 386,468 of ley, 11,214 tons of hay, and 1,086,599 Ibs. wool. There were 5,905 horses, 2,666 mil cows, 19,368 other cattle, 175,963 sheep, an 33,540 swine. Capital, Colusa. COLWELL, Stephen, an American merch and author, born in Brooke co., W. Vir March 25, 1800, died in Philadelphia, Jan. 1 1871. He was educated at Jefferson colle where he graduated in 1819 ; was admitted the bar in 1821, and practised his professi for seven years in St. Clairsville, Ohio, from 1828 to 1836 in Pittsburgh. He t ward became an iron merchant in Philadelphi and a manufacturer of iron, first at Weymou N. J., and afterward at Conshohocken on Schuylkill. He was an active member officer of many philanthropic societies, a rector of several railroads, a trustee of t Presbyterian general assembly, and a commi sioner under an act of congress in 1865 " inquire and report upon the subject of raisi