Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume V.djvu/103

Rh it apparently gray and faded. The reader is referred to M. Chevreul's work on this subject, or to Prof. Youmans's "Household Science," for full details in relation to the arrangement or matching of colors. A few examples may be given. Thus, to trim orange articles of dress with yellow, to bring violet and deep blue flowers into juxtaposition, to upholster mahogany chairs with crimson or dark orange stuffs, without an intervening band of black or green, or to place heavy gilt frames near to strong red or orange in a picture, is a violation of chromatic harmony. Black and dark colors diminish, white and lighter tones enlarge, the apparent size of the wearer. Large figures or horizontal stripes shorten, while narrow vertical stripes heighten, the apparent stature. All colors in the vicinity of the face influence the complexion, as already explained. Hues and tones of green improve a pale or blonde complexion, by throwing on it their complement of rose; while orange throws blue on the too abundant orange of the brunette complexion, and blending with the latter produces a whitening effect. Light or tinted colors agree best with light, deep or shaded colors with dark complexions. Carpets, paper hangings, curtains, and furniture for rooms should be of colors chosen with reference both to their effects upon each other, and upon the complexions of the inmates. The beauty of red flowers is heightened by the neighborhood of green foliage; and in the hues of flowers it is easily observed that chromatic discords are seldom met with. The association of a yellow or orange pollen with a violet, purple, or blue corolla is familiar. An eye delicately susceptible to colors will note also the frequent examples of modification of color by contrast, that come under daily observation. Thus an orange-red sunset appears heightened to bright scarlet when seen through openings in green foliage; narrow bands of gray clouds moving over such a sky appear of a rich light or olive green; and at a later hour, when the distant forest is simply black, it appears bordered at the top with a vivid green from the same cause. One who looks intently at a bright horizon will see after some seconds a dark curtain appear to drop down to near the horizon, while between this and the earth a brightened band of sky of changing width will be visible. The colors of thin plates and films, as mica, mother-of-pearl, and soap bubbles, and similar phenomena, are treated of in the article.  COLORADO, a territory of the United States, bounded N. by Wyoming territory and Nebraska, E. by Nebraska and Kansas, S. by the Indian territory and New Mexico, and W. by Utah. It is situated between lat. 37° and 41° N., and lon. 102° and 109° W., forming nearly a parallelogram; average length E. and W., 380 m.; breadth N. and S., 280 m.; area, 104,500 sq. m. It is divided into 21 counties: Arapahoe, Bent, Boulder, Clear Creek, Conejos, Costilla, Douglas, El Paso, Fremont, Gilpin, Greenwood, Huerfano, Jefferson, Lake, Larimer, Las Animas, Park, Pueblo, Saguache, Summit, and Weld. The principal cities and towns are: Denver, the capital and chief city, in Arapahoe co., pop. in 1870, 4,759; Central City, 2,360, and Black Hawk, 1,068, in Gilpin co.; and Georgetown, Pueblo, Golden City, Trinidad, Greeley, Kit Carson, Boulder City, Cañon City, and Colorado City, with populations less than 1,000. According to the United States census, the population in 1860 was 34,277; in 1870, 39,864, which included 456 colored persons, 7 Chinese, and 180 Indians. The tribal Indians of Colorado are the Tabequache band of Utes, at the Los Pinos agency, numbering 3,000 in 1872, and the Yampa, Grand River, and Uintah bands of the White River agency, numbering 800. They have a reservation of 14,784,000 acres, extending from the S. boundary of the territory to 15 m. N. of the 40th parallel, and from the 107th meridian to the W. boundary. The White River agency, on the river of that name, is in the N. part of the reservation; the Los Pinos agency is in the S. E. part. These agencies are under the charge of the Unitarians. At the White River agency there is a school attended by 40 scholars. These Indians receive annuities in goods', clothing, &amp;c., of $40,000, and a like sum in subsistence. There are also a few Indians roaming in the E. part of the territory. Colorado ranks fourth among the territories in point of population. The number of male citizens of the United States in 1870, 21 years old and over, was 15,515. Of the total population, 24,820 were males and 15,044 females; and 33,265 were native and 6,599 foreign born. Of the natives, 6,344 were born in the territory, 8,378 in New Mexico, 1,812 in Illinois, 809 in Indiana, 1,310 in Iowa, 1,704 in Missouri, 621 in Massachusetts, 2,778 in New York, 2,057 in Ohio, and 1,552 in Pennsylvania; of the foreigners, 1,685 were born in Ireland, 1,456 in Germany, 1,358 in England, and 753 in British America; and 1,235 persons born in the territory were living in other states and territories. The number of families was 9,358; of dwellings, 10,009. There were 6,297 persons 10 years old and upward unable to read; 6,823 were unable to write, of whom 255 were foreigners, and 2,368 were males and 2,122 females 21 years old and over. There were 26 blind persons, 4 deaf and dumb, 12 insane, and 3 idiotic. The homicides during the year were 37, 4 of which were by Indians. There were 6,462 engaged in agriculture, 3,625 in professional and personal services, 4,681 in manufactures and mechanical and mining industries, and 2,815 in trade and transportation.—Colorado has three natural divisions: the mountain range, including the park system, the foot hills, and the plains. The territory is intersected N. and S. near the centre by the Rocky mountains, which here attain their greatest elevation, 200 peaks nearly 13,000 ft. high and about 25 of 14,000 ft. and over being visible from Mt. Lincoln. Between lat. 38° 30' and 40° 30' the chain is about 120 m. broad, 