Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IX.djvu/838

 818 KHAN KHARKOV 40 more ready for mounting ; but work upon the brick and stone batteries or forts that were projected has been suspended, and sand bat- teries are in process of construction. The bar- racks are large and commodious, and are garri- soned by 60 men. There is a United States dock, with cisterns to catch rain water, a con- densing and distilling apparatus, and a machine shop and foundery. Key "West is connected with New York and New Orleans by weekly lines of steamers, and with Baltimore by a semi-monthly line. The New Orleans line also connects the city with Cedar Keys, the gulf terminus of the Florida railroad, and with Ha- vana. There are telegraph cables to Cuba and to the mainland. The value of the imports from foreign countries for the year ending June 30, 1873, was $389,054 ; exports to foreign ports, $939,880 ; the number of vessels entered was 384, with an aggregate tonnage of 68,828 ; cleared, 383, of 58,661 tons. In the coastwise trade thfe entrances were 337, of 201,942 tons ; clearances, 278, of 198,517 tons; belonging to the port, 103 vessels, with an aggregate ton- nage of 3,374. Among the principal industries are turtling, sponging, and the catching of mul- let and other fish for the Cuban market. The value of sponges annually obtained is about $100,000. About 30 vessels with an aggregate of 250 men are engaged in wrecking on the Florida reef. The manufacture of cigars em- ploys about 775 hands, chiefly Cubans. About 25,000,000 cigars are manufactured annually. An establishment for canning pineapples is in successful operation. The value of real estate and improvements on the island in 1874 was $2,600,000. The city is governed by a mayor and a board of nine aldermen elected annually. The United States courts for the S. district of Florida are held here. There are two public schools for white children, with 500 pupils, and one for colored children, with 198 pupils. The Catholic convent has a school connected with it, and there are eight private schools, containing in all 225 pupils. Two weekly newspapers (one Spanish) are published. The city has Baptist, Episcopal, Methodist, and Ro- man Catholic churches. Key West was settled about 1822, but it long remained a mere village. During the civil war the attention of the gov- ernment was more particularly directed to it. KHA, a Tartar word, signifying sovereign or chief. It is used by sovereign princes in all the Tartar countries, and is one of the titles of the Turkish sultan. The title khan is given in Persia to officers of various grades, but is gen- erally expressive of high rank, and is especial- ly applied to the chiefs of the nomad tribes of that country. Khan is also the Turkish word for caravansary or hotel. These edifices are very numerous in Constantinople. They are commonly in the form of a square, with an in- terior court surrounded by three ranges of gal- leries, one above another, from which open small unfurnished chambers which travellers occupy without charge. Some have been founded by private individuals, but they have mostly been built at the expense of the sultans. KHANDE1SH. See CANDEISH. h II.VM. See CANEA. KHANPOOB, or Khannpoor, a town of K W. Hindostan, in the native state and 89 m. S. S. W. of the city of Bhawalpoor; pop. about 10,- 000. It is connected with the Indus, about 30 m. distant, by a navigable canal, and though once of considerable importance, it contains only a few houses of brick, a spacious bazaar, and a sightly mosque. There is also a ruinous mud fort. Between the town and the Indus the land is fertile, and the district very popu- lous, but to the east and south lies a desert. k II AltKSM, or Kliovarosm, in the middle ages, a designation of the khanate of Khiva, and in more recent times of the central portion of it. According to eastern legends, Kai Khosru in pursuit of the army of Turan, crossing the' Oxus and beholding the field of battle, ex- claimed, Kharesmibud, "I have my desire," and the plain has ever since been called Kharesm. The name of its inhabitants seems, however, to be identical with that of the ancient Cho- rasmii or Chorasmusini mentioned by Herodo- tus, Strabo, Pliny, and others. During the middle ages Kharesm was for a time subject to the Seljuks, and subsequently formed an independent kingdom, and the Kharesmians were formidable enemies to the Persians un- til both peoples were conquered by Genghis Khan. An invasion of Syria by a horde of Kharesmians (Carizmians, or Corasmians), fly- ing from the Mongols, about 1243, is related by the chroniclers of the crusades, and also by the Arabian historians. KHARKOV. I. A S. government of European Russia, in the province of Ukraine, bordering on Kursk, Voronezh, the land of the Don Cos- sacks, Yekaterinoslav, and Poltava; area, 21,- 016 sq. m. ; pop. in 1867, 1,681,486. It has an elevated but flat and monotonous surface, partly covered with forests, and a fertile soil, which is generally loamy and here and there sandy. It is traversed by the Donetz, the Os- kol, its chief tributary from the north, and tributaries of the Dnieper. None of these are navigable for any considerable distance. The chief vegetable productions are the various species of grain, flax, hemp, tobacco, hops, and potatoes. Besides agriculture, the rearing of cattle (which are excellent), horses, and bees forms the principal occupation of the inhabi- tants, who are for the most part Little-Rus- sians and Cossacks. The principal towns are Kharkov, Akhtyrka, and Bogodukhov. II. A city, capital of the government, situated at the confluence of two small affluents of the Donetz, and at the junction of railway lines to Mos- cow, Odessa, and Taganrog, 400 m. S. by W. of Moscow ; pop. in 1867, 59,968. It is mostly built of wood, but contains a cathedral, many churches, two convents, and a theatre ; a uni- versity founded in 1804, with a botanical gar- den, museum, and a library of 20,000 volumes ;