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 HUNTER 73 About this time Gen. Lee urged upon the con- federate congress the passage of a law author- izing the employment of negroes as soldiers, those thus employed to be made freemen. A bill to this eft'ect was passed in the house of representatives, but was defeated in the senate by a single vote. Mr. Hunter at first voted against it, but having been instructed by the legislature of Virginia to vote for it, he did so, accompanying his vote with an emphatic pro- test against the passage of the bill, for which he was compelled to vote. He said: "When we left the old government, we thought we had got rid for ever of the slavery agitation. Ve insisted that congress had no right to interfere with slavery. We contended that whenever the two races were thrown together, one must be master and the other slave. We insisted that slavery was the best and happiest condi- tion of the negro. Now, if we ofl'er slaves their freedom as a boon, we confess that we were insincere and hypocritical. If the negroes are made soldiejs, they must be made freemen. If we can mak~e them soldiers, we can make them officers, perhaps to command white men. If we are right in this measure, we were wrong in denying to the old government the right to interfere with the institution of slavery and to emancipate slaves." After the close of the civil war he was arrested, but was released upon parole, and was in 1867 pardoned by President Johnson. In 1874 he was an unsuc- cessful candidate before the legislature of Vir- ginia for the office of United States senator. HOTTER, William, a British physician and anat- omist, elder brother of John Hunter, born at Long Oalderwood, Lanarkshire, May 23, 1718, died in London, March 30, 1783. At the age of 14 he was sent to the university of Glasgow with the intention of studying for the minis- try.; but in 1737, not being inclined to the study of theology, he went to reside in Dr. William Cullen's family as a medical student. Three years after he formed a partnership with Cullen, by which he was to take charge of the surgical part of their practice. To pre- pare himself for this he studied in Edinburgh, and in 1741 went to London with letters of introduction to Dr. James Douglass. Douglass offered to employ him as tutor of his son and as dissector for a work on the anatomy of the bones which he was preparing. Hunter ac- cepted the offer. Douglass died the following year, but Hunter continued to reside with the family as tutor, and to pursue his studies in anat- omy and surgery. Concluding to remain in Lon- don, the partnership with Cullen was dissolved, but they remained warm friends through life. In the winter of 1746 he made his first ap- pearance as a lecturer on surgery before the society of navy surgeons, and such was the favor with which lie was received that he was invited to extend his course to anatomy. About the same time he began to acquire an extensive practice both as a snrgeon and an accouclieur; but having in 1748 received the appointment of surgeon accoucheur to the Middlesex hospital, and in 1749 to the British lying-in hospital, he abandoned surgery, and thenceforth devoted himself almost exclusively to obstetrics. About this time he established himself in a house in Jermyn street, where he commenced the formation of a large anatomi- cal museum. In 1754 he entered into a pro- fessional partnership with his brother John, whose industry was of great use in adding to the contents of the museum. In consequence of the illness of John, however, the partner- ship terminated in 1759. In 1762 he officiated as consulting physician to Queen Charlotte, and two years later was appointed her physi- cian extraordinary. In 1702-'4 appeared his "Medical Commentaries, Part I." (4to, Lon- don). In 1765 he applied to Mr. Grenville, then minister, for a piece of ground in the Mews for the site of an anatomical museum. Notwithstanding that he offered to expend 7,000 on the building, and to endow a pro- fessorship of anatomy, the application was I unfavorably received, and he accordingly pur- chased a spot of ground in Great Windmill street, and erected the necessary buildings, into which he removed in 1770 with his whole collection. From time to time the collections of eminent practitioners were purchased and in- corporated with it, and the zeal of friends and pupils procured him a great number of mor- bid preparations. Not contented with his ana- tomical collection, he began to accumulate fos- sils, books, coins, and other objects of antiqua- rian research. His library was said to contain " the most magnificent treasure of Greek and Latin works accumulated since the days of Mead;" and his coins, of a portion of which a description was published under the title of Nummorvm Veterwn Populorum et Urbium, gni in Museo Ghiilielmi Hunteri assertantur, Descriptio^ Figurii Illustrata, cost upward of 20,000. In 1781 Dr. Fothergill's collection of shells, corals, and other objects of natural history, was added to the museum at an ex- ' pense of 1,200. The whole collection, with a fund of 8,000 for its support and augmenta- tion, was bequeathed to the university of Glas- gow, where, under the name of the Hunterian museum, it is now deposited. In 1774 appear- ed his Anatomia Humani Uteri Gravidi, in Latin and English (atlas fol., with 34 plates, Birmingham ; fol., London, 1828), on which he had been engaged since 1751. It has been called one of the most splendid medical works of the age. A work describing the engravings, entitled " An Anatomical Disquisition of the Human Gravid Uterus and its Contents" (4 to, London), was published in 1794 by his nephew Dr. Baillie. The subsequent claim of John Hunter to the discovery of the mode of union between the placenta and the uterus, as de- scribed by William in this work, caused .a bitter hostility between the brothers, which lasted until the elder was on his deathbed, when a reconciliation took place. In 1768 ho