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 718 JUNKIN JUPITER in the early history of the reformation in the Netherlands, but was obliged to seek refuge in Germany. In 1573 he was invited by the elector palatine to Heidelberg, where, in con- junction with Tremellius, he made a Latin translation of the Old Testament, which is highly esteemed by critics (5 parts, Frankfort, 1575-'9; many times reprinted, last in Zurich, 1764). Subsequently he became professor at Leyden. He wrote many theological books, and an autobiography (1595). His Opera The- ologiea were published in 2 vols. fol. (Geneva, 1607). II. Fnmclscus, a philologist, son of the preceding, born in Heidelberg in 1589, died in Windsor, England, Nov. 19, 1677. He studied at Heidelberg and Leyden with a view to the profession of a military engineer, and in 1603, after the death of his father, joined the army; but leaving it on the truce of 1609, he devoted himself to study and literature. In 1620 he went to England, and for 30 years filled the office of librarian to the earl of Arundel. Du- ring this period he studied the Teutonic lan- guages, and came to the conclusion that the Gothic was the parent of them all. He pub- lished an edition of the Gothic Gospels of Ul- filas, with a commentary ; but his greatest work was his Glossarium Gothicum, in five languages, the Saxon department of which has since been issued separately under the title of JEtymologicum Anglicanum, He also wrote a treatise De Pictura Veterum, which he trans- lated into English himself. He died while residing in the house of his nephew, Isaac Vossius. He bequeathed all his MSS. to the Bodleian library at Oxford. .![ NklN, George, D. D., LL. D., an American clergyman, born near New Kingston, Pa., Nov. 1, 1790, died in Philadelphia, May 20, 1868. He graduated at Jefferson college in 1813, studied theology, and in 1819 became pastor of the Asso- ciate Reformed church in Milton, Pa. During his pastorate he was active in establishing the Milton academy, and iu 1828-'9 edited " The Religious Farmer." He was afterward a prom- inent leader in the Old School Presbyterian church. In 1830 he became principal of the Manual Labor academy at Germantown, and in 1832 president of Lafayette college, Eas- ton, Pa., which, though chartered in 1826, was first organized by him. He was president of Miami university from 1841 to 1844, when he returned to Lafayette college. In 1848 he be- came president of Washington college, Lexing- ton, Va., which office he resigned April 18, 1861, on account of his opposition to secession, and afterward resided in Philadelphia. Among his numerous works are: "The Vindication," a reply to the " Defence " of the Rev. Albert Barnes (1836); "The Educator," a periodical (1838-'40) ; " Treatise on Justification " (18S9) ; "Lectures on the Prophecies" (1844); "Po- litical Fallacies " (1862) ; " Treatise on Sancti- fication " (1864) ; " Two Missions, the Apostolic and the Evangelical " (1864) ; and "The Tab- ernacle, or the Gospel according to Moses" (1865). His biography has been written by his brother, the Rev. D. X. Junkin, D. D. (8vo, Philadelphia, 1871). Jl, called by the Greeks HERA, in ancient mythology, a daughter of Saturn and Rhea, and the sister and wife of Jupiter. She was surnamed, by the Greeks and Romans respec- tively, Bairi/Um and Regina, as the celestial queen ; Ta/if/hia and Pronuba, as the patroness of marriage ; EifaWvia and Lucina as presiding over childbirth. Juno was the mother of Mars, Hebe, and Vulcan. The chief seats of her wor- ship were Argos, Samos, Sparta, and Rome. Her most celebrated Hellenic temple, situated near Argos, contained a colossal statue of the goddess, made of ivory and gold. At Rome her principal temple was on the Capitoline hill, and her great festival, the matronalia, was celebrated on March 1 by the wives and ma- trons of the city. She was the great goddess of nature, the impersonation of maternity. JIINOT. See ABEANT^S. JUPITER (Lat. gen. Jovit, whence the English form Jove), called ZEUS by the Greeks, the greatest of the Greek and Roman gods, son of Saturn and Rhea, and brother of Neptune, Pluto, Vesta, Ceres, and Juno. As Saturn was wont to devour his children as soon as they were born, his wife Rhea, when she found herself pregnant with Jupiter, entreated Ooalus and Terra (Uranus and Ge) to save the life of the child. On their advice she fled to Crete, and concealed him in a cave of Mt. ^Egeeon. As he approached maturity Jupiter gave evi- dence of the divinity of his nature. lie deliv- ered the Cyclops from the bonds with which they had been fettered by Saturn ; gave liberty to the hundred-handed giants Briareus, Cottys, and Gyes ; subdued the Titans, and shut them up in Tartarus ; and finally dethroned his father, and obtained the empire of the uni- verse, which he shared with his brothers Nep- tune and Pluto. Jupiter fixed his residence on the summit of Olympus, and took succes- sively to wife Metis, by whom he became the father of Minerva ; Themis, who bore him the Horse and the Parcte ; Eurynome, who was the mother of the Graces: Ceres and Mnemosyne, whose offspring were Proserpine and the muses ; Latona, who became the mother of Apollo and Diana; and Juno, whose children by him were Mars, Hebe, and Vulcan. Jupiter was the most powerful of the gods, the supreme ruler both of mortals and immortals. His most distinctive epithets were 'OZv/imttds, or Olym- pian, Capitolinus, from his principal temple at Rome on the Capitoline hill, and Kepoiwof, or Tonans, " the thunderer." The most celebrated Hellenic temples of Jupiter were those of Do- dona and Olympia, the latter containing the fa- mous colossal statue of the god by Phidias. JUPITER, the largest member of our planetary system, and the fifth in order of distance from the sun, so far as the primary members of the system (omitting the asteroids) are concerned. It is designated by the sign If. Jupiter travels