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 680 JONES hair being gilt. In his handbooks to the Al- hambra and other courts of the crystal palace, he gives a full exposition of the principles of ornamentation. His principal architectural work is St. James's Hall in Piccadilly. He also delivered lectures, and published one of the most important of them for the promotion of his views, which he lived to see generally adopt- ed, though the variety and novelty of his con- ceptions occasioned controversy. The last of the many public recognitions he received was an honorary diploma for designs at the Vienna exhibition of 1873. He also prepared with Goury "Views on the Nile" (London, 1842), and furnished many others for illustrated works. His other productions include " Designs for Mosaic and Tessellated Pavements," with an essay by F. O. Ward (1842); "The Poly- chromatic Ornament of Italy " (1846) ; an elab- orate " Grammar of Ornament " (folio, 1856) ; " One Thousand and One Initial Letters," and " Seven Hundred and Two Monograms " (1864); "Examples of Chinese Ornament " (1867); and several volumes of Biblical illustrations. A scholarship was founded after his death in 1874, by the " Owen Memorial " committee, in commemoration of his genius, and his portrait in mosaic was presented by it to the nation. JONES, Thomas Rymer, an English anatomist, born about 1810. He became a member of the royal college of surgeons in 1833, but on account of a defect in his -hearing has never practised. Subsequently he was appointed professor of comparative anatomy in King's college, Lon- don. His first work, " A General Outline of the Animal Kingdom " (8vo, 1841), written to supply a want in English scientific literature, established his reputation as a comparative anatomist and physiologist, and is still regarded as one of the best works of its kind in any language. About this time he was appointed Fullerian professor of physiology in the royal institution, and sub- sequently he became examiner in comparative anatomy and physiology in the London univer- sity. In 1845 and 1852 were published the first two volumes of his Fullerian lectures, under the title of " Lectures on the Natural History of Animals," the work being still incomplete. His other works are : " General Outline of the Organization of the Animal Kingdom, and Manual of Comparative Anatomy" (1855); "The Aquarian Naturalist" (London 1858); and "The Animal Creation" (1865). He also contributed to the " Cyclopaadia of Anatomy and Physiology." JONES, William, an English divine, born at Lowick, Northamptonshire, in 1726, died at Nayland in 1800. He was educated at the Charterhouse, and at University college, Ox- ford, and became successively vicar of Bethers- den (1764), rector of Pluckley, perpetual curate of Nayland (1776), and rector of Fasten and of Hollingbourn, the last three of which appoint- ments he held at his death. He was eminent as a scholar and theologian, and proficient in music. His principal works are : " The Catho- lic Doctrine of the Trinity Proved" (1756); " Lectures on the Figurative Language of the Holy Scriptures" (1786, several times reprint- ed): "The Scholar Armed against the Errors of the Time," a compilation (2 vols., 1792) ; and a "Life of Bishop Home" (1795). He also wrote treatises on music, composed an- thems, and was the originator of the " British Critic." A collected edition of his works, with a biography by William Stevens, was published in 1801 (12 vols. ; new ed., 6 vols., 1810). Two posthumous volumes of his sermons, edited by Henry Walker, appeared in 1830. JONES, Sir William, an English orientalist, born in London, Sept. 28, 1746, died in Cal- cutta, April 27, 1794. His father, an eminent mathematician, died when he was but three years old, and the care of his education de- volved on his mother. When seven years old he was sent to the grammar school at Harrow, where he remained ten years, not only sur- passing his associates in classical studies, but making some progress in Hebrew and Arabic, and applying himself to French and Italian during his vacations. In 1764 he was entered at University college, Oxford ; and in 1765 he was invited to reside in the family of Earl Spencer, as tutor to Lord Althorp, then seven years of age, which office he held for five years, during which he was elected a fellow at Oxford. Meantime his fame for oriental schol- arship had begun to extend, and in 1768 Chris- tian VII. of Denmark requested him to trans- late into French a Persian life of Nadir Shah. This was published at London in 1770, in con- nection with a dissertation, also in French, on oriental poetry, containing translations of sev- eral of the odes of Hafiz. In the following year appeared his Persian grammar, which, as enlarged by subsequent editors, long remained the standard text book on the subject. In 1770 he became a student at the Temple, and began to contemplate " the stately edifice of the laws of England," but was immediately called upon to defend his university against the aspersions of the French orientalist Anquetil-Duperron. His pamphlet (1771) was anonymous, in idio- matic and effective French, and was universally admitted to surpass the attack both in wit and learning. In the following year he published a small volume of poems, chiefly translations from the Asiatic languages, which was follow- ed by the more important Poeaeos Asiatics Commentariorum Libri Sex (1774 ; republished by Eichhorn, Leipsic, 1777), in which with equal skill and erudition he aimed to familiar- ize the European mind with oriental modes of thought and expression. Called to the bar in 1774, he left at Oxford all his oriental books and manuscripts, and applied himself exclu- sively to legal studies. He was ambitious of a seat in parliament, and in 1780 stood for the university of Oxford ; but his liberal politics, and his condemnation of the American war and of the slave trade, deprived him of all chance of success, and he withdrew from the