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 JOLLIVET JOMINI 675 set in the Lachine rapids near Montreal, and he lost his men and his valuable maps and papers, barely escaping with his. life. His re- port from memory was necessarily brief, and his map less accurate than that which Pere Marquette had drawn and retained. Although he continued to study the topography, and by maps from time to time embodied all new data of discovery, he was not allowed to continue his researches in the west, but made an ex- pedition in the king's service to Hudson bay. His modest merits were thrown in the shade by the pretensions of La Salle, who had won Frontenac's favor. As if to keep Jolliet as far as possible from the Mississippi, he was re- warded in 1680 by a grant of the seigneury of Anticosti island. He devoted himself to the development of its fisheries and trade, and from this time signed himself Jolliet d'Anti- costy. He was also appointed royal hydrogra- pher at Quebec, and his numerous maps still extant show that his title was not a nominal one. Few men contributed more to the geog- raphy of the continent at that time. In 1697 he obtained the seigneury of Joliette, which still belongs to his family. Among his de- scendants in 1874 are Archbishop Taschereau of Quebec and Archbishop Tach6 of Red River. JOLLIVET, Pierre .Inlcs, a French painter, born in Paris, June 27, 1803. He left the school of fine arts in 1825, lived for some time in Ma- drid, and returning to Paris exhibited in 1831 genre pictures relating to Spanish history and life. His works include "Louis VIII. taking the Oriflamme at Saint Denis," and other pieces, at Versailles; "Lara," after Byron's poem, at the Luxembourg ; " The Massacre of the Innocents," at the museum of Rouen ; and " The Installation of the Magistrates in 1849," in possession of the government. Among his recent productions are " Art in the Time of Per- icles" and "The Jewels of Cornelia" (1869). JOJURD, Edme Francois, a French geographer, born in Versailles, Nov. 20, 1777, died Sept. 22, 1862. He was a member of the Egyptian scientific commission in 1798, distinguishing himself by his successful researches, and was afterward appointed secretary of the commis- sion to prepare the Description de FlZgypte, and in 1807 superintendent of the engraving and printing of that work, to which he devoted 18 years. He participated in 1821 in the es- tablishment of the geographical society. In 1828, on *he organization of the new depart- ment of geography and travels in the royal library, he received the appointment of con- servateur administrates. Being held in great esteem by Mehemet All, he persuaded the pasha to send a number of young Egyptians to study in Paris. These young men formed what was called the institut del 6gyptien, placed under the direction of Jomard. As a reward for his services, the successor of Mehemet All appointed him his scientific correspondent, and granted him the honorary title of bey. His numerous publications are all devoted to Jesides his contributions to the great work of the Egyptian commission, which he printed separately, under the title of Eecueil (Volser- vations et de memoires sur Vfigypte ancienne et moderne (4 vols. 8vo, Paris, 1830), his most important publications are : Voyage A Voasis de Syouah (1819), from the notes of the trav- ellers Caillaud and Drovetti; Remarques sur lea rapports de Vfithiopie et de Vfcgypte, &c. (1822) ; Aperyus et coups d'ail sur les nouvelles decouvertes dans VAfrique centrale (1824-'7) ; Observations sur le voyage au Darfour (1845); Classification methodique des produits de Vin- dustrie extra-europeenne (1862) ; and Les monu- ments de la geographie (1862), a collection of ancient charts of Europe and the Orient, re- produced in facsimile. .10MKI.LI. Mciilo, an Italian composer, born in Aversa, near Naples, in 1714, died in Naples, Aug. 28, 1774. He was a pupil of Leonardo Leo. His Errore amoroso and Odoardo, pro- duced in Naples before he was 24 years of age, established his reputation, and he was invited to Rome, where he composed two new operas. Thence he went to Bologna, where he studied under Padre Martini. After a successful career in the chief cities of Italy, he returned in 1749 to Rome, where his Artaserse was coldly re- ceived. In the following year he produced his Achille in Sciro with complete success in Vienna, where he made a congenial friend in the poet Metastasio, whose Didone he set to music, and on whose works he thenceforth almost exclusively employed himself. Return- ing to Rome in 1751, he was made chapelmas- ter of St. Peter's, but resigned in 1753 to accept an invitation from the duke of Wurtemberg to settle as musical director in Stuttgart. He re- turned to Naples in 1768; but his style no longer pleased, and his Demofoonte and Jfigenia in Aulide failed. The Miserere was the last and greatest of his works. JOMINI, Henri, baron, a French military his- torian, born at Payerne, canton of Vaud, Switz- erland, March 6, 1779, died at Passy, near Paris, March 24, 1869. He joined the French army in 1804 with the rank of major, and was soon made a colonel, serving as aide-de-camp and chief of staff to Marshal Ney in Germany and Spain. In 1805 he presented to Napoleon on the field of Austerlitz' the first edition of his Traite des grandes operations militaires, on Histoire critique et militaire des guerres de Frederic II. eomparees d celles de la revolution (5 vols. 8vo, with an atlas, Paris, 1804-'6). In consequence of a misunderstanding with Ney in 1808, he resigned, and offered his services to the emperor Alexander; but Napoleon com- pelled him to return and accept the commission of brigadier general. In 1812 he was appointed governor of Wilna and then of Smolensk, and was of great service to the French army du- ring the latter part of the disastrous retreat from Moscow. After the victory of Bautzen Ney asked for him the rank of general of divi-
 * eography, archaeology, or public education.