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 JEWELL JIDDAH C39 Peter Martyr went to Strasburg, where he for some time assisted in conducting a collegiate institution. On the death of Mary, Jewel re- turned to England, and was one of the eight divines appointed by Elizabeth to hold a con- troversy at Westminster. with a similar num- ber of Catholics. In 1559 he was placed on the commission to extinguish Catholicism in the western dioceses of England, and on Jan. 21, 1560, was consecrated bishop of Salisbury. The most famous of his works is his Apologia Ecclesia Anglican (1562), of which Eliza- beth ordered a copy to be chained in every parish church. JEWELL, a N. county of Kansas, bordering on Nebraska ; area, 900 sq. rn. ; pop. in 1870, 207. It is drained by affluents of the Republi- can and Solomon rivers. Capital, Jewell City. JEWS. See HEBREWS. JEWSBUKY. I. Maria Jane, an English wri- ter, born in Warwickshire about 1800, died in Bcfmbay, India, in 1833. She was a writer for literary periodicals. In 1833 she married the Rev. William Fletcher, and went with him as a missionary to India, but died soon after her arrival in that country. She published " Phantasmagoria," a series of sketches of life and literature, " Letters to the Young," " Lays of Leisure Hours," and " Three Histories." II. Geraldlne Endsor, sister of the preceding, born in Warwickshire in 1821. She is the author of "Zoe, a History of Two Lives" (1845); "The Half Sisters" (1848); "Marian Withers " (1851) ; " Constance Herbert " (1855) ; " The History of an Adopted Child " and " The Sorrows of Gentility" (1856) ; and "Right or Wrong " (1857). She has also written a story for children entitled "Angelo, or the Pine Forest in the Alps " (1855). JEYPOOR. I. A Rajpoot native state of India, between lat. 25 40' and 27 37' N., and Ion. 75 8' and 77 20' E. ; area, 15,000 sq. m. ; pop. about 1,500,000. The surface is level excepting N. and N. W., and imperfectly watered. The principal products are cattle and salt, and to some extent wheat, cotton, and tobacco. The state abounds in small forts, and possesses some of the strongest fortresses in India. The Minas are regarded as the aborigines, and the Jats are the most extensive and skilful agriculturists. The government is invested in a hereditary rajah, who pays an annual tribute of 40,000 to Great Britain. The army consists of about 30,000 meff. II. A city, capital of the state, 140 m. 8. W. of Delhi ; pop. about 60,000. It is the most attractive city of upper Hindostan. The main thoroughfares intersect each other at right angles, each intersection forming a mar- ket square or ehank, and they are crossed by smaller streets, the whole forming rectangular blocks. The centre is occupied by the royal residence, seven and eight stories high, with towers and domes, including a dozen pal- aces communicating either by galleries or gar- dens. In the palace proper is an audience hall of white marble. Many of the private 454 VOL. ix. 41 houses, three and four stories high, are embel- lished with frescoes, marble porticoes, stat- uary, and projecting stone balconies. Among the mosques and temples are exquisite speci- mens of the purest Hindoo architecture. Oth- er notable public buildings are the extensive observatory and the arsenal. Jey Singh found- ed this city early in the 18th century as a sub- stitute for his old and decayed capital Amber. There are three other towns of the same name in various parts of India. .IIIAXSK a town of India, in the Northwest Provinces, capital of a small state of the same name, annexed to the British possessions in 1854, 120 S. S. E. of Agra. It is a walled town, having a circuit of 4 m., with strong fortifica- tions, and surrounded by fine groves. The streets are remarkably clean and orderly. A considerable trade is carried on with the cities of the Deccan and the Doab, and there are manufactories of native weapons. On June 4, 1857, a mutiny of native troops took place here, and 67 Europeans, about half of whom were women and children, were massacred at the instigation of the ranee or chieftainess of Jhansi. The ranee put herself at the head of the rebels, clad in mail, and during the rest of her career led her forces with masculine valor and ferocity. In 1858 a body of mutineers under her command slmt themselves up in Jhansi, where they were besieged by Sir Hugh Rose, March 25. After a relieving force under Tantia Topee had been defeated, the city was stormed on April 2, 5,000 rebels being killed. The ranee escaped to Gwalior, in the storming of which place, in June, she was killed. .1 IH 1. 1)1. .lailuiii, or Jelnm (anc. Hydaspes ; Sanskrit Vitastd; modern Hindoo, Behut), the most western of the five great rivers of the Punjaub, British India. It rises in the N. W. Himalaya, in the southern part of Cash- mere, flows N. W. along the centre of the val- ley of Cashmere in a winding course for about 120 m., more than half being navigable, and after various deviations finds an outlet through the pass of Baramula, and thence proceeds in a western direction toward the vicinity of Mazufarabad. Thence, enlarged by the almost equally considerable Kishen Gunga river, it pursues a S. direction until it falls into the Chenaub, after an entire course of about 450 m. It abounds in fish, and is said to contain alligators. Horace called the river fabuloms Hydaspes, on account of the wonderful stories associated with it. Virgil refers to it as Medns Hydaspes, and Ptolemy calls it Bidaspes. Alex- ander is reported to have seen crocodiles on the banks of this river, on which ho built his fleet for the war with Porus from the timber of the Himalaya forests. JIDDAH, Jeddah, or Djeddalt, a town of Hedjaz in Arabia, on the Red sea, 65 m. W. of Mecca; lat. 21 28' N., Ion. 39 13' E.; pop. about 18,000. It is built on the edge of the sea, in a sterile desert, about 10 m. back of which is a range of low hills, devoid of trees or vegeta-