Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IX.djvu/356

 344 IPSAMBDL would reveal a temple to that deity. In 1817 Belzoni, assisted by Capts. Irby and Mangles, removed 31 ft. of sand, when the top of the entrance was reached. This second and larger temple, standing 100 ft. above the water level, has a front 120 ft. long and 90 ft. high, sur- rounded by a moulding, and adorned with a cornice and frieze. In front, seated on thrones, are four colossal figures 65 ft. high, the largest in Nubia or Egypt. The third statue from the north has been shattered by an avalanche from the mountain, and a portion of the head lies in the lap of the figure. One of these colossi has a face 7 ft. long and measures 25 ft. 4 in. across the shoulders. According to Wilkinson, the figures are statues of Rameses II. The interior Tomb, Ipsambul. presents first the colonnade, the pilasters of which bear figures of Osiris 30 ft. high, and the walls exhibit sculptures representing bat- tles and triumphs. Next is the great hall ex- tending 200 ft. into the rock, with ranges of massive square columns adorned with statues. Beyond are an antechamber and the sanctuary with several side chambers. In the back- ground is a colossal figure seated on a bench, and there are similar statues in the side cham- bers. In the centre of the sanctuary is a ped- estal on which Heeren thinks a sarcophagus once stood, and hence he argues that the mon- ument was not a temple but the sepulchre of a king. He believes, too, from the scenes of war and triumph sculptured on the walls, and IPSWICH especially from four painted figures, one of which in red he takes to be a king, that the smaller monument also was a royal sepulchre. Burckhardt says that Ipsambul served as a refuge to the inhabitants of Beillany, 8 m. distant, against the annual incursions of a western tribe of Bedouins. In 1812, the year previous to his visit, the natives took refuge there with their cattle, and the Bedouins, after losing several men, failed to force the place. IPSARA, or Psani, a barren and rocky island belonging to Turkey, in the Grecian archi- pelago, 10 m. W. of Scio ; greatest length about 6 m., breadth 5 m. Those parts of it which are covered with a thin soil have been carefully cultivated, and before the Greek revolution the island was prosperous and densely populated, forming one of the most important marine stations under the control of Greeks. During the war it earned a national fame by the devo- tion and bravery of its mariners, but was cap- tured and almost depopulated by the Turks (July 3, 1824) ; since that time it has been of little importance. There is but one town upon the island, also called Ipsara, and having hard- ly more than 500 inhabitants. It is situated on the 8. side, where a small bay affords good anchorage ; but it has little commerce, and tho people are chiefly supported by fishing. IPSCS, a town of ancient Phrygia in Asia Minor, probably about 10 m. S. E. of Synnada, and a short distance N. W. of the modern village of Bulavadin, 28 m. E. of Afium-Kara- hissar. It is famous on account of the battle fought in 301 B. 0. (or in 300, as Grote con- jectures), in the plain near it, when Antigonus and his son Demetrius were disastrously de- feated by the forces of Solc-ucus, Cassander, Lysimachus, and Ptolemy. Antigonus fell, and the victory of his enemies was followed by a new division of the dominions of Alexander the Great, which terminated a bloody struggle of 20 years. In the 7th and 8th centuries Ipsus was the seat of a Christian bishop. IPSWICH, a town of Essex co., Massachusetts, on both sides of Ipswich river, at its mouth, and on the Eastern railroad, 25 m. N. N. E. of Boston ; pop. in 1870, 3,720. The river, which is here crossed by two stone bridges, one built in 1764 and the other in 1861, affords valuable water power, and in a bay of the same name at its month there is an excellent harbor. A number of vessels are owned here, and the town is interested to some extent in the coast- ing trade, and has small ship yards. There is a woollen mill, producing repellants, but the principal manufactures are of hosiery, employ- ing 14 establishments, and of boots and shoes. The town contains a county insane asylum, a county house of correction, a female seminary established in 1828 and having in 1872 9 in- structors and 60 pupils, a classical school found- ed in 1650, 10 public schools, including a high school, a weekly newspaper, a public library, and six churches. It was settled in 1633. Its Indian name was Agawam (" fishing station ").