Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IX.djvu/284

 272 INFANTRY army is at present (1874) undergoing a complete reorganization, and trustworthy statistics con- cerning its present condition cannot be ob- tained. The following table is derived from official statistics for 1871 : RUSSIA IN EUBOPE. Pi ACE. TV AR. Officeri. Men. Officeri. Men. HELD TKOOPS. 804 24762 996 40 714 12 u of grenadiers 140 " of lino infantry.... 24 battalions of chasseurs . . Staff of infantry 780 8,993 599 246 24,132 216,916 14,847 S55 972 11,844 684 246 40.164 464,880 21,981 9B4 Total 11 427 231 012 14,288 568,258 LOCAt TEOOPS. 23 batt. of inf 'y for fortresses. INTERIOR TROOPS. 1 batt. of body guard 2 of line infantry 299 22 66 792 8,128 661 2,251 V. sis 491 22 66 1 071 24,225 661 2,251 RESERVES. 70 batt. of infantry 700 18584 700 18 684 110 2084 110 2084 TROOPS OF APPLICATION. Inf 'y, 1 batt. and 1 comp'y. . 88 476 88 478 Besides the army of Russia in Europe, there are the army of the Caucasus, that of Turkis- tan, and that of Siberia. When the Russian army is completely reorganized it will consist in time of peace of about 750,000 men ; in time of war the armies of Russia and the Caucasus will reach the number of 2,085,000 men. The proportion of artillery to infantry in the field will be about 3| guns to 1,000 men; there will also be one mitrailleuse to every 4| guns. The regiment is commanded by a major gen- eral in the guards and by a full colonel in the army. Each battalion has a lieutenant colonel at its head. The regimental staff consists of a regimental adjutant, a regimental quarter- master, a musketry instructor, and an officer in command of the non-combatant company. The non-commissioned staff consists of a drum major, a trumpet major, a sergeant major, three assistant sergeants, one or two chaplains, and non-combatant clerks, mechanics, &c. The battalion staff consists of a battalion adjutant, a battalion drum major, a battalion trumpet major, and an apothecary. A company has a captain, three lieutenants, and 211 non-com- missioned officers and men on a war footing, as follows : 1 junker (candidate for admission), 4 senior sergeants, 12 junior sergeants, 20 lance corporals, 148 privates, 1 pay sergeant, 3 drum- mers, 3 buglers, 1 armorer sergeant, 12 privates in reserve, 1 apothecary, 1 assistant apothecary, '4 officers' servants. The Russian infantry has been armed with the Krinck converted rifle, but the Berdan breech-loader will shortly be issued to the whole army. The weapons are adjusted up to 600 yards, except those of rifle companies and eight picked shots in each com- pany, whose sights are adjusted to 1,200 yards. Ninety rounds of ammunition are carried in the cartridge boxes ; 40 more rounds are car- ried for each man in the company transports. Bayonets are always fixed. The weight of arms and equipments is 68 Ibs., including three days' provisions. The infantryman has also a short sword. The uniform is gray; small shako hat ; belts and straps white in the guard, except rifle companies ; in the infantry of the line the belts are all black. The tactics are similar to those of the other great powers. The unit of administration in everything is the regiment. To make the infantry wholly independent of other arms, 10 men of each regiment are annually attached to the artillery, so there are always 80 men with eight years' service to help that arm in case of need. Eight men of each company carry intrenching tools, and are instructed in throwing up tem- porary works. There are schools in which the non-commissioned officers of the regiment are carefully trained, and they in turn teach the men. The standard is very high, and after their term of enlistment has expired they fre- quently decline commissions which they might obtain by passing a sufficiently high examina- tion, and become schoolmasters and sometimes professors. The men receive but one new uni- form a year. The companies make their own clothing entirely, even to the spinning of the braid. Army transportation is regimental; every company has a provision wagon with six days' rations, and a wagon with 40 rounds of ammunition to each man, with three horses driven abreast. Each regiment has an orderly wagon with lithographing press, &c., four am- bulances, one hospital car, and one medicine cart; each brigade one band wagon, none in time of war. In some regiments the senior surgeon gives occasional lectures to the officers and men on the first steps to be taken when wounded in case skilled assistance is not at hand. Thus the regiment is an administrative unit, independent of extraneous aid. The pri- vate soldier is intelligent, though generally un- educated; but under the new system there will be a continual improvement. Austro- Hunga- rian Monarchy. Military service is obligato- ry upon all citizens of Austro-Hungary, as in most other European nations. There are 36 divisions of infantry, each consisting of two brigades. Each regiment comprises in time of peace five battalions of four companies, with the skeleton of a supplementary battalion; in time of war, three battalions of four compa- nies, two reserve battalions of four compa- nies, and one supplementary battalion of five companies. The regiment of Tyrolese chas- seurs has seven battalions of four companies, seven supplementary companies of reserve, and one supplementary battalion of seven compa- nies in time of war. Each battalion of chas- seurs has four companies, one company in re- serve, and one supplementary company. The numbers in 1873 were as follows :