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 242 INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO the city; it admits both sexes, and in 1872-'3 had 13 professors (3 in the law school), 265 students (law department, 10 ; business depart- ment, 50), and a library of 5,000 volumes. The medical department of Indiana university (with which is connected a free dispensary), situated here, was organized in 1869, and in 1872-'3 had 12 professors and 101 students. The city possesses an excellent and well or- ganized system of public schools, embracing the various grades from primary to high school, and including a training or normal school. There are 20 school buildings, of which 10 will accommodate 750 pupils each. The high school will accommodate 550. The value of school property in 1864 was $88,500; number of children of school age, 6,863, of whom 1,050 attended public schools. In 1874 the value of school property was $691,256 ; chil- dren of school age, 19,125, of whom 9,868 at- tended the public schools. There are also a Catholic theological seminary, a Catholic boys' school, and a female seminary conducted by the " Sisters of Providence," recently opened and occupying a splendid building. The state library contains 15,000 volumes. A free city library was opened in April, 1873, in the high school building; it now contains over 14,500 volumes, and a separate building is to be erected for its accommodation. There are 6 daily (1 German) and 13 weekly (5 German) newspa- pers, and 13 monthly periodicals, one of which, the " National Crop Reporter," has recently been removed from Jacksonville, 111. The churches, 64 in number, are as follows : 8 Bap- tist, 5 Christian, 2 Congregational, 5 Episcopal, 1 Friends', 16 Methodist, 10 Presbyterian, 4 Roman Catholic, 1 Swedenborgian, 2 Unitarian, 2 Universalist, and the rest miscellaneous, some of which have no church edifice. Indianapo- lis was first settled by John Pogue in March, 1819, and in about a year from that time it numbered 15 families. It was chosen as the seat of the state government in January, 1821 (though the capital was not actually removed from Corydon till 1825), and at the same time the legislature gave it its present name and ap- pointed commissioners to lay it off as a town. It was incorporated in 1836, and received a city charter in 1847. INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO, or Malay Archipelago, a vast aggregation of insular groups S. E. of the continent of Asia, lying between the China sea, the Indian ocean, and the Pacific. In the widest sense it includes the Philippine islands and Papua, and extends from about Ion. 95 to 151 20' E., and from lat. 19 40' N. to about 11 S., being about 2,100 m. wide and upward of 4,000 m. long, and bisected by the equator. With the exception of Australia, the Indian archipelago contains the largest islands of the world, namely, Borneo and Papua. These, to- gether with Gilolo, Celebes, and Sumatra, form a range extending along the equator, and all ex- cept Papua crossed by it ; a similar but shorter range, further S., is made up mainly of Java, Sumbawa, Flores, and Timor ; and in the north the principal islands are Mindanao and Lu- zon, of the Philippine group. The seas which separate the islands are variously designated. These are : the Java sea, between Java and Borneo ; the Sooloo sea, between Borneo and the Philippines ; the Celebes sea, between the Philippines and Celebes ; the Flores sea, be- tween Celebes and the Timor group ; and the Banda sea, between Celebes and Papua. The depth of water between the Asiatic mainland and Sumatra, Java, and Borneo, respectively, nowhere exceeds 100 fathoms, nor is the sea between Papua and 'Australia deeper than this ; but these shallow seas are divided by a line of deep water in which lie Celebes, the Moluccas, Flores, and the adjacent islands. Wallace re- gards the archipelago as naturally compre- hending the Malay peninsula, S. of Tenasserim, the Nicobar islands, and the Philippines. Ex- clusive of the latter, he classifies its islands into five groups, as follows : 1, the Indo-Malay islands, comprising the Malay peninsula and Singapore, Borneo, Java, and Sumatra ; 2, the Timor group, comprising the islands of Timor, Flores, Sumbawa, and Lombok, with several smaller ones ; 3, Celebes, comprising also the Sula islands and Booton ; 4, the Moluccan group, comprising Booro, Ceram, Batchian, Gilolo, and Morty, with the smaller islands of Ternate and Tidore, Makian, Kaioa, Amboyna, Banda, Goram, and Matabello ; and 5, the Pa- puan group, comprising Papua, with the Ar- roo islands, Mysol, Salawaty, Waigioo, and several others. The area in English square miles of some of the principal islands is ap- proximately as follows : Amboyna. Ball BaDca Banda Batchian. SCO .... 8,200 .... 6,000 180 800 Booro 2,000 Borneo 800,000 Celebes T0,000 Ceram 6,500 Flores 9,000 Gilolo 6,800 .lava and Madura. . . . 51,300 Lombok 1,860 Sumatra 160,000 Sumbawa 6,000 Timor 11,500 It will he seen that neither Papua nor the Philippines are embraced in this table. The latter islands are chiefly under the dominion of Spain, but in the other parts of the archi- pelago the government of the Netherlands is the predominant power. According to the latest returns, principally of 1871-]2, the co- lonial possessions of the Dutch in the archi- pelago have an aggregate area of about 600,000 sq. m. and a total population of 24,300,000. They comprise the whole of the island of Java, extensive territories in Borneo, Sumatra, and the Moluccas, and about 29,000 sq. m. in Papua. Physically, the most striking and character- istic division of the archipelago is into volcanic and non- volcanic regions. A long line of active and extinct volcanoes, constituting one of the most remarkable volcanic systems in the world, extends from Sumatra eastward through Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, and Timor, beyond which it trends northward through Banda, Amboyna, and Gilolo to the northern