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 ICONOCLASTS IDAHO 165 gan Aug. 14, 1566, at St. Omer in Flanders, where several churches were desecrated, the images overturned and broken, and the pictures ruined. The insurgents next attacked the ca- thedral at Ypres, which they also stripped. The excitement speedily spread all over Flan- ders, Hainaut, and Brabant, and the churches, chapels, and convents of Valenciennes, Tour- nay, Menin, Comines, and many other cities and towns were sacked. At Antwerp shortly afterward a mob ravaged the cathedral, de- stroyed the statues, cut into pieces the paint- ings, the pride of Flemish art, demolished the great organ, the most perfect in the world, overthrew the 70 altars, and carried off the vestments and sacred vessels. The devastation of the cathedral occupied them till midnight, when they sallied forth to deal in the same way with the other churches of the city and its suburbs. For three days these scenes contin- ued at Antwerp, when they were stopped by a few knights of the golden fleece, who with their retainers attacked and dispersed the riot- ers. From Antwerp the excitement against images spread over the northern provinces, and throughout Holland, Utrecht, and Fries- land the churches were ravaged. At Rotter- dam, Dort, Haarlem, and some other places, the magistrates averted the storm by quietly removing the images from the buildings. "The amount of injury inflicted during this dismal period," says Prescott, "it is not possible to estimate. Four hundred churches were sacked by the insurgents in Flanders alone. The dam- age to the cathedral of Antwerp, including its precious contents, was said to amount to not less than 400,000 ducats. The loss occasioned by the plunder of gold and silver plate might be computed ; the structures so cruelly defaced might be repaired by the skill of the architect; but who can estimate the irreparable loss occa- sioned by the destruction of manuscripts, stat- uary, and paintings?" Motley, in his "His- tory of the Rise of the Dutch Republic," main- tains that the iconoclasts committed no act of plunder nor of outrage on persons. He says : " Catholic and Protestant writers agree that no deeds of violence were committed against man or woman. It would be also very easy to accu- mulate a vast weight of testimony as to their for- bearance from robbery. They destroyed for de- struction's sake, not for purposes of plunder. Although belonging to the lowest classes of so- ciety, they left heaps of jewelry, of gold and sil- ver plate, of costly embroidery, lying unheeded upon the ground. They felt instinctively that a great passion would be contaminated by ad- mixture with paltry motives. In Flanders a company of rioters hanged one of their own number for stealing articles to the value of five shillings. In Valenciennes the iconoclasts were offered largo sums if they would refrain from desecrating the churches of that city, but they rejected the proposal with disdain. The hon- est Catholic burgher who recorded the fact, ob- served that he did so because of the many mis- representations on the subject, not because he wished to flatter heresy and rebellion." The whole time occupied by this remarkable out- break was less than a fortnight. It was warm- ly disapproved of at the time by William of Orange, Egmont, and the other statesmen of the patriotic party in the Netherlands. Its immediate effect was to detach the Catholics from the national cause, and it was probably the principal means of preventing the southern provinces of the Netherlands from becoming independent of Spain in concert with the seven northern provinces. ICTOTS, a Greek architect, contemporary with Pericles. He was chief architect of the Parthenon, and built the temple of Apollo Epi- curius near Phigalia in Arcadia. The former was completed in 438 B. 0., and the latter prob- ably about 431. He also built the fane at Eleu- sis in which the mysteries were celebrated. All these edifices were in the Doric style. No details of his life remain. IDA, a W. county of Iowa, drained by branches of Little Sioux river; area, 432 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 226. Grain, potatoes, and sorghum are the principal crops ; cattle raising is carried on to a considerable extent. The productions in 1870 were 9,239 bushels of wheat, 8,510 of Indian corn, 6,058 of oats, 2,511 of potatoes, and 1,887 tons of hay. The value of live stock was $34,867. Capital, New Ida. IDA. I. A mountain range (now Kas Dagh) of Mysia, forming the S. boundary of the Troad. Its highest peak was Mt. Gargarus, about 5,750 ft. above the sea. The principal rivers flowing from Mt. Ida were the Simo'is, Sca- mander, and Granicus. From Mt. Ida Gany- mede was stolen ; here Paris pronounced judg- ment on the beauty of the rival goddesses ; and here the celestials stationed themselves to be- hold the battles for Troy on the plain below. II. A mountain (now Psiloriti) of Crete, the loftiest of the range which traverses that isl- and, of which it occupies the centre, termi- nating in three peaks crowned with snow for eight months of the year. Its highest summit is said to be about 8,000 ft. Of the legends with which its name is connected, those relating to the infancy of Zeus are the most celebrated. IDAHO, a territory of the United States, situated between lat. 42 and 49 N., and Ion. 111 and 117 10' W., 'bounded N. by British Columbia, E. by Montana and Wyoming, S. by Utah and Nevada, and W. by Oregon and Wash- ington. The extreme length N. and S. on the W. boundary is 485 m. and along the Wyo- ming border 140 m., and the breadth varies from less than 50 m. on the north to nearly 300 m. on the south; area, 86,294 sq. m. The eastern boundary line is irregular. Com- mencing at the north, it runs S. along the 116th meridian to the crest of the Bitter Root mountains (about lat. 47 45') ; thence it fol- lows S. E. and E. the crest of those and of the Rocky mountains to the lllth meridian on the Wyoming border, and thence runs S.