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 HOTTENTOTS HOUDETOT schools, 2 weekly newspapers, and 5 churches. In the vicinity is found valuable stone for hones and whetstones, of which considerable quanti- ties are quarried. The springs (57 in number) issue from the W. slope of Hot Spring moun- tain, vary in temperature from 93 to 150, and discharge into the creek about 500,000 gallons a day. They are much resorted to by invalids and tourists. See " The Hot Springs as They Are," by Charles Cutter (Little Rock, 1874). HOTTENTOTS, a people of South Africa, in- cluding the original inhabitants of the territo- ry now occupied by Cape Colony. Van Kie- beek, the founder of this colony in 1652, states that they called themselves, according to the various dialects, Koi-koin, Tkuhgrub, Quenau, and Quaquas. It is supposed that the name of Hottentots was given them by the Dutch, probably in imitation of the clicking sounds in the language of the natives. The general characteristics of the Hottentots are a pecu- liarly livid and yellowish brown skin, crisp and tufted hair, a narrow forehead, projecting cheek bones, a pointed chin, a body of me- dium height and rather tough than strong, small hands and feet, and a flat and nar- row skull. The Griqnas are half-breeds de- scended from Hottentot mothers and Dutch fathers. The Hottentots are skilled in horse- manship, and are intelligent and courageous. They are of a mild disposition, but given to lying, stealing, drunkenness, and sensuality. They are ruled by chiefs who are controlled by councils. Their religious notions are cen- tred in a supreme being, who is little else than a deified chieftain. They believe in a fu- ture life, and fear the return of spirits. They have various superstitions. They refuse to have their photographs taken lest it should deprive them of a portion of their life. They sometimes mutilate their hands as a protection against evil influences. As an example of their intellectual capacity may be mentioned the Hottentot Andreas Stoffles, who was master of several languages, and could make a good speech in English. The Damaras, a nomadic warrior tribe who came to South Africa from the central regions of that continent about the middle of the 18th century, are now almost extinct. Nearest related to the Hottentots are the Bushmen. See BUSHMEN, and ETH- NOLOGY ; also Fritsch, Die Eingeborenen Sud- afrikas (Breslau, 1872), and Perty, Anthro- pologie (2 vols., Leipsic, 1873-'4). The Hot- tentot language has four dialects. The Nama dialect is spoken by the Namaquas (properly Nama-kha or Nama-na, Ma and na being plu- ral suffixes, the one of masculine, the other of common gender), N. W. of Cape Colony, and also by the Damaras, N. of them, but it does not seem to be their original tongue. It is the oldest and purest of the dialects, but, like the speech of all savages, it may be subdivided into everal sub-dialects according to tribes and even families. The Khora dialect is spoken by he Koraquas (better Khora-kha or Kora-na), N. of the upper Orange river, and is in age and purity greatly inferior to the Nama. The Cape dialect is the least cultivated of all, and no grammar of it has been published. The same is the case with the dialect of the eastern races. The Hottentot is, generally speaking, of a monosyllabic structure. It is rich in diph- thongs and remarkably delicate in the use of inflectional final sounds, which contrast strangely with the constantly recurring initial clicking sounds. Flectional forms are pro- duced by suffixes to the verbal root. Mascu- line, feminine, and common genders, and sin- gular, dual* and plural numbers, are distin- guished, and in case of pronouns not only in the third, but even in the first and second per- son. These distinctions, however, are not as clear as in other languages. The Bushman language also is considered a form of the Hot- tentot. Missionaries speak of it as hard and rough, and as represented by numerous dia- lects among the races of the desert and moun- tains of the interior. See Tindall, " Grammar and Vocabulary of the Namaqua-Hottentot Language" (no date); Bleek, "Comparative Grammar of the South African Languages" (2 vols., Capetown and London, 1862-'9); and F. Muller, Seise der Oeeterreichiochen Fregatte Novara : LinguwtwcJier Theil (Vienna, 1867). HOTTENTOTS' BREAD. See TOBTOIBE PLANT. HOTTINGER, Joliann Hcinrieh, a Swiss philolo- gist, born in Zurich, March 10, 1620, drowned June 5, 1667. He studied at Groningen, and afterward at Leyden. In 1642 he became pro- fessor of church history in Zurich, and in 1643 also of the Hebrew language; and in 1653 he was appointed to the chair of rhetoric, logic, and Scriptural theology. In 1655 he accepted the professorship of eastern languages and Bib- lical criticism at Heidelberg. On his return to Zurich in 1661 he was made rector of the uni- versity. His increasing reputation led to an invitation from the university of Leyden in 1667, which he was ready to accept, when, while crossing the river Limmath in the vicin- ity of Zurich, he was drowned by the upsetting of a boat, with several of his children. Among his works are Thesaurus Philologicvi, sen Cla- tis Scriptures (Zurich, 1649), and Etymologicum Orientale, sive Lexicon Harmonicum Hepta- glotton (Frankfort, 1661). His son, JOHANN JAKOB (1652-1735), wrote HehetiscJie Eirchen- geschichte (Zurich, 1708-'29); and another JO- HANN JAKOB, of the same family (1783-1859). wrote a Oeschichte der Schweizeriechen Eir- chentrennung (Zurich, 1825-'7). HOUDETOT, Elisabeth Fran^olse Sophie d', coun- tess, a French lady celebrated by her associa- tion with Rousseau, born in Paris about 1730, died Jan. 22, 1813. She was a daughter of M. de la Live de Bellegarde, and married about 1748 the count d'Houdetot, to whom she bore a son in 1750. She left him toward 1753, and lived with the poet Saint-Lambert till his death in 1803. While residing at the chateau of Eau-Bonne near Andilly, and in the vicinity