Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/812

 796 COD CODDINGTON TEARS. Veueli. Men. Bounty. EXPORTS. FROM PLACES OF FISHERY. FROM FRANCE. Quintal!. Bounty. Quintals. Bounty. 1863 560 467 578 588 603 654 18,758 12,774 12,484 12,651 12,178 18,164 $183,890 122,064 120,087 120.498 115,670 124,928 142,991 144,004 166,095 174.893 145.S76 111,795 $279,722 280,629 824.224 847,192 288,829 222,810 61,891 58,673 54,913 58,045 57,992 26,863 $92,060 88,858 77,867 72,881 S9,651 88,808 1864 1SC5 I860. 1S67 1868 The aggregate tonnage in 1868 was about 80,000. The principal fishing ports are Dun- kirk, Bordeaux, Cette, La Rochelle, Marseilles, Granville, St. Servan, St. Malo, Boulogne, Pairapol, and Gravelines. The cod fishery of the British islands is important, and is pursued chiefly in the vicinity of the Shetlands and Orkneys, off the shores of Essex, Suffolk, Nor- folk, and Lincoln, and around the Dogger bank. The catch of the English coast is mostly taken fresh to the London market. The returns are imperfect, but, so far as reported to the officers of the fishery board, the product of cured cod, ling, and hake in 1870 for Scotland amounted to the sum of 145,289 quintals of dried and 9,945 barrels of pickled fish. In 1870, 277 vessels were employed in cod fishing in Belgium, and obtained 30,604 quintals; the product for 1868 was 53,782 quintals. The mostimporant Euro- pean fisheries are those of Iceland and Nor- way. In Iceland the most productive cod fish- ing commences in February or March, and con- tinues till May or June. In that island and Faroe from 75 to 100 deck boats and from 4,000 to 5,000 open boats, manned by 10,000 to 15,000 men, are employed. The annual product is about 100,000 quintals, of which 120,000 go to Denmark, 50,000 to Spain, Italy, &c., and the remainder is consumed by the islanders. In 1862, an abundant year, 59,123 quintals of " clipfish " (dried salted cod), and 6,525 of "stockfish" (dried unsalted cod), 6,557 barrels of liver oil, and 1,489 of roes were exported from Iceland ; in 1865 the ex- ports were only 22,036 quintals of clipfish and 313 of stockfish ; in 1869, 46,819 quintals of clipfish, 3,954 of stockfish, 977 barrels of roes, and 7,744 of liver oil. The Norwegian cod fishery is carried on along the whole W. and N. shore of the country, particularly near the Loffoden islands, and commences in Decem- ber ; the best months are January and February. In 1866, 5,723 boats and 25,756 men were em- ployed. The exports for 1865 were 490,344 quintals of clipfish, 332,398 of stockfish, 33,771 barrels of cod, 37,941 of roes, and 1,896,346 gallons of liver oil. The roes are principally used as bait for sardines. Besides the exports enume- rated, it is estimated that from 200,000 to 300,- 000 quintals are annually bartered to the Rus- sian traders of the White sea. In 1871, 18,- 500,000 cod were caught in the Loffoden fish- ery, yielding 428,214 quintals of fish, 25,000 barrels of roes, and 31,000 of oil. The other principal fishery, that of Finmark, produced 12,500,000 cod. The exports were valued at about $6.000,000. (See FISHERIES.) CODDINGTON, William, founder of the colony of Rhode Island, born in Lincolnshire, England, in 1601, died Nov. 1, 1678. He arrived by the ship Arabella at Salem in 1630, as one of the magistrates of Massachusetts appointed by the crown. For some years he exercised his judi- cial functions, traded as a merchant in Boston, and accumulated considerable real estate at Braintree. In 1636, when Winthrop super- seded Vane as governor, Coddington's name was dropped from the roll, but the freemen on the following day testified their approval of his course by sending him and Vane as their depu- ties to the court. When Mrs. Hutchinson was tried, during the Antinomian controversy, Cod- dington undertook her defence against Win- throp and his party. He also opposed the pro- ceedings in the case of Wheelwright and others, but unsuccessfully. Becoming wearied of op- position, he removed with 18 others (April 26, 1638) to the island of Aquidneck, now Rhode Island, having drawn up and signed an agree- ment to found a colony which should be "judged and guided by the absolute laws of Christ." This being found too vague for actual requirements, Coddington was elected judge, with a council of three elders, who were enjoined by a vote of the freemen to be guided by God's laws. This arrangement was further modified, March 12, 1640, by the election of Coddington as gov- ernor, with a lieutenant governor and four as- sistants. He continued in office seven years, until a charter was obtained and the island in- corporated with the Providence plantations. In 1648 he was again offered the governor- ship, but declined it in consequence of a suit he was engaged in respecting lands. Hav- ing made a voyage to England in 1651, he returned with a commission as governor of Aquidneck island, separate from the rest of the colony ; but the people being alarmed at the attempt to deprive them of the nomination of their rulers, he resigned. From this time he withdrew from public affairs till 1674-'5, when he once more accepted the governorship. Cod- dington, after his settlement in Rhode Island, adopted the tenets of the Quakers. END OF VOLUME FOURTH.