Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/720

 708 CLOT CLOTILDA lasted all day, he routed a party that had pen- etrated to the H6tel Dien or hospital in Mon- treal. On Oct. 14, 1652, he engaged a force of 300 Iroquois near the fort, and, protecting his party of 34 by an old hut, routed the ene- my completely, having killed 50 and wounded 37 of them, losing only one man killed and one wounded. In 1655 he acted as governor of Montreal, in the absence of Maisonneuve. On Feb. 6, 1662, he was sent out with 12 soldiers to rescue some workmen attacked by the Iroquois; but being deserted by his servant, and his pis- tols missing fire, he and three of his party were killed. He left a young widow, Elizabeth Moyen, who had been made an orphan by the Indians. The fief of St. Lambert had been granted to him in 1658 as a reward for his ser- vices, and in 1672 another was bestowed on his widow. As a mark of respect to him, St. Lambert street, Montreal, as well as his fief, were named after his patron saint. CLOT, Antolne, popularly known as CLOT BET, a French physician, born near Marseilles in April, 1795, died there in 1868. He studied at Montpellier, became a surgeon at the principal hospital of Marseilles, and in 1822 chief sur- geon of the Egyptian army. At the instance of Mehemet Ali he founded at Abn-Zabel, near Cairo, a medical school and hospital, schools for the acquirement of the French language, for apothecaries and veterinary surgeons, and for midwives. In 1832 he received the title of bey, being the first Christian thus honored without being required to change his religion. In 1886 he was made chief physician of the general staff and % di rector of the whole medical administration, with the rank of general. The institutions over which he presided were re- moved in 1837 to Cairo; and though he was opposed by native fanatics, who even sought to murder him, he effected many improve- ments in medical education and organization, and displayed great skill and devotion during the prevalence of the cholera. In 1849, after the death of Mehemet Ali, he returned to Mar- seilles, and presented his Egyptological collec- tions to the French government. He wrote extensively on the cholera and the plague, and among his works are Aperfu general sur Vfigypte (2 vols., Paris, 1840) and Mehemet- Ali, vice-roi d^gypte (Marseilles, 1862). CLOTAIRE. I. King of the Franks, the youngest son of Clovis and Clotilda, born in 497, died in 561. On his father's death in 611 he received as his kingdom a part of Neustria, the capital of which was Soissons, while his brothers, Clodomir and Childebert, were kings at Orleans and Paris, and the eastern part of the Frankish empire, Austrasia, was in the hands of Theodoric, the eldest son of Clovis. When Clodomir was killed in 531, Clotaire murdered two of his nephews to get pos- session of the kingdom of Orleans. His son Chramne having revolted against him, he ordered him to be burned alive with his wife and children. After the death of his brother Childebert, and of Theodoric's grandson, Clo- taire found himself in possession of the whole Frankish empire. He reigned after this but three years ; and on his death the empire was divided among his four sons, Charibert, Gon- tran, Chilperic, and Sigebert. He was buried in the church of St. M6dard at Soissons. II. King of the Franks, born in 584, died in Paris in 628. He was only four months old when, at the death of his father Chilperic, his guardian- ship was assumed by his mother Fredegonda. A protracted and ferocious war broke out between her and her rival Brunehaut, who governed Austrasia and Burgundy in the name of her grandsons. After many vicissitudes, Brunehaut was delivered into his hands by the nobles of Burgundy in 613, and was put to death in the most barbarous manner, her grandsons being al- ready dead. Thus Clotaire II., being the only surviving Merovingian prince, was proclaimed king of the whole empire founded by Clovis, and increased by the conquests of his sons. He was succeeded by his son Dagobert I. Two other Merovingian princes of the same name bore the title of king : CLOTAIEK III., in the 7th century, under the guardianship of Ebroin as mayor of the palace; and CLOTAIBE IV., some 50 years later, under Charles Martel. Both were among the most obscure of the rois faineants. CLOTHO, the youngest of the three Parcsa or Fates, daughter of Jupiter and Themis, or of Erebus and Night. Clotho held the distaff and spun the thread of life, whence her name K/M0u, "I spin." She was represented wearing a crown with seven stars, and a many-colored robe. CLOTILDA. I. Saint, the wife of the Frankish king Clovis, born about 475, died in Tours, June 8, 645. "While an infant, her father, mother, and two brothers were murdered by her uncle Gundebald, king of the Burgundians, who spared her life on account of her extreme youth, and who even attended to her education. Her fa- ther had been an Arian ; but she and her elder sister Chrona, who became a nun, were edu- cated in the Roman Catholic faith of the mother, and Clotilda became a great favorite among the bishops of Gaul. Through their agency she was married to Clovis in 493, to whose conver- sion she greatly contributed. When the power of her husband was firmly established in the country north of the Loire, she incited him to attack the Burgundian king in order to avenge her father's death. Clovis yielded to her en- treaties, but did not follow up the victory he had won near Langres, and was satisfied with making Gundebald his tributary. After the death of Clovis (511), however, the queen pre- vailed upon her three sons, Clodomir, Childe- bert, and Clotaire, to renew the war against Sigismund, the son of the murderer. This un- fortunate prince was taken prisoner, dragged to Orleans, and with his wife and children thrown into a well. The war in the mean time continued, and after a protracted struggle Clo- tilda had the satisfaction of seeing Burgundy