Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/651

 CLARKE 639 ten years in active service as a pastor, a pro- moter of public charities, and a diligent student of profane and sacred literature. During the long period of his itinerant labors he had de- voted much attention to oriental studies, and as early as 1798 had begun to gather materials for his " Commentary on the Bible." In 1802 he published a "Bibliographical Dictionary" (G vols.), a work which immediately attracted the attention of scholars. Previous to his last settlement in London he had translated Sturm's " Reflections " and Fleury's " Manners of the Ancient Israelites," besides publishing "A suc- cinct Account of Polyglot Bibles " from 1516 to 1750, and "An Account of the various Edi- tions of the Greek Testament," from the Com- plutensian to that of Griesbach. On his re- moval to London his attainments in oriental literature directed the attention of the commit- tee of the British and foreign Bible society to him as a fit person to superintend their pub- lications in the oriental languages. To him was largely intrusted the preparation of their Arabic Bible. So useful were his labors in connection with this society that at the close of 1808, when the rule of the conference re- quired his removal from London, they request- ed that the rule might be suspended, and he be permitted to continue his labors. This re- quest was granted. In 1806 he had published a supplement to his " Bibliographical Diction- ary," under the title of the "Bibliographical Miscellany " (2 vols.) ; and in 1808 appeared the first volume of his " Succession of Sacred Lit- erature." In 1807 the university of Aberdeen conferred on him the title of A. M., and in 1808 that of LL. D. In the latter year he was in- trusted by the British government with the preparation of state papers for the continuation of Rymer's Fcedera. On this work he labored 10 years, adding 10 folio volumes to the 20 that had already appeared. Meantime the labors upon his " Commentary " had been diligently prosecuted. The first part appeared in 1810, and in 1812 he had completed the Pentateuch and the book of Joshua. His literary attain- ments had now secured him membership in various learned societies at home and abroad, and his conference had honored him by thrice choosing him president of their body. The Wesleyan missionary society being organized in 1814, Clarke became the most powerful ad- vocate of its cause, and spent much time in preaching and travelling in its interest. In 1823 he fixed his residence at Haydon hall in the vicinity of London, where he continued his labors on his " Commentary." At length, after 40 years of literary toil, the work was com- pleted in 1826. During the period of his res- idence at Haydon hall he was active in the organization of Methodism in the Shetland islands, and was zealous in the promotion of various philanthropic and Christian schemes. In addition to the works already mentioned, and his " Commentaries " (6 vols. 8vo), he edited Baxter's " Christian Directory," Shuck- 195 VOL. iv. 41 ford's " Sacred and Profane History," Har- mer's "Observations on various Passages of Scripture ;" and published " Discourse on the Eucharist" (1808), and "Memoirs of the Wes- ley Family," besides numerous contributions to periodicals on subjects pertaining chiefly to oriental and Biblical literature. His "Miscel- laneous Works " have been collected and pub- lished in 13 vols. 8vo. CLARKE, Charles Cowden, an English author, born at Enfield, near London, Dec. 15, 1787. He was an intimate associate of Lamb, Keats, and Shelley, and for more than 20 years was a favorite popular lecturer upon British poets and prose writers. He is author of " Nyren's Cricketer's Guide " (1833 and 1840) ; " Adam the Gardener," a book for the young (1834) ; " Tales from Chaucer" (1833 and 1870); " Riches of Chaucer" (1835 and 1870) ; a col- lection of poems entitled Carmina Minima (1859); " Shakespeare Characters: chiefly those subordinate" (1863); and " Moliere Characters " (1865). He also wrote the " Es- says on the Comic Writers of England," which appeared in the " Gentleman's Magazine " in 1871. CLARKE, Edward Daniel, LL. D., an English traveller and mineralogist, born at Willingdon in Sussex, June 5, 1769, died in London, March 9, 1822. He was educated at Cambridge, pub- lished in 1793 travels in England, Wales, and Ireland, and afterward travelled on the conti- nent as a tutor and travelling companion. In 1798 he was elected fellow of his college, and went to Cambridge to reside. The next year he set out as travelling companion to Mr. Crippa on a long and laborious tour through Denmark, Sweden, Lapland, Finland, Russia, Tartary, Circassia, Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Greece, Turkey, Austria, Germany, and France. This journey occupied 3 years, and he pub- lished the resets in "Travels in various Coun- tries of Europe, Asia, and Africa " (6 vols. 4to, 1810-'23 ; 11 vols. 8vo, 1816-'20). On his re- turn nearly 100 valuable classical manuscripts which he had obtained during his tour, among which was a very celebrated one of the com- plete works of Plato, were sold to the Bodleian library. He also placed in the vestibule of the university library at Cambridge a colossal statue of Ceres, which he had brought from Eleusis, and a number of ancient marbles from other parts of Greece, for which, as well as for his eminent attainments, the university con- ferred on him the degree of LL. D. He took orders in 1805, in 1807 commenced a course of lectures on mineralogy, and in 1808 became the first incumbent of the professorship of mineralogy at Cambridge. His experiments in analysis of minerals by means of the oxyhy- drogen blowpipe were important. His "Life and Remains" was published in 1824. CLARKE, Henri Jacques Gnillanme, count d'Hunebourg, duke de Feltre, and marshal of France, born at Landrecies, Oct. 17, 1765, died at Neuviller, Oct. 28, 1818. He had attained