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 630 CLANWILLIAM CLAPPERTON till the revolution of 1789. Cloth, stationery, earthenware, and other articles are manufac- tured, and there are dye works, fulling mills, potteries, and many tanneries. It was former- ly surrounded by stupendous walls and de- fended by a castle, and previous to the revolu- tion held a prominent position in the duchy of " CLANWILLIAM, a N. W. district of Cape Col- ony, S. Africa, partly traversed by the Rog- geveld and other mountains, and by the Olifant river and its tributaries; area, 24,100 sq. m. ; pop. in 1865, 7,041. The climate is salubrious and the soil fertile. The capital of the district is a village of the same name, 140 m. N. E. of Cape Town, whose people are chiefly employed in manufacturing hats. In the vicinity is an excellent chalybeate spring. CLAP, Thomas, an American clergyman, born at Scituate, Mass., June 26, 1703, died in New Haven, Jan. 7, 1767. He was settled as a min- ister at Windham, Conn., in 1727, and in 1739 was elected president of Yale college, which office he held till 1766. He contributed much to improve Yale college, and was the means of building a college editice and chapel. He was a man of extensive erudition, gave great atten- tion to mathematics and astronomy, and con- structed the first orrery niado in this country. He published the history of Yale college, and other writings, and had made collections for a history of Connecticut ; but most of his man- uscripts were plundered in the expedition against New Haven under Gen. Tryon. He had a controversy with President Edwards respecting Whitefield, and opposed the latter, not so much upon religious grounds as from a misapprehension of Whitefield's designs. CLAPABfcUE, fdonard, a Swiss naturalist, born in 1832, died in 1871. He studied medi- cine and the natural sciences, and became pro- fessor of comparative anatomy at the academy of Geneva. His works include De la forma- tion et de la fecondation des cevfs chez les ters nematodes (Geneva, 1858) ; Etudes sur les infusoires et les rhizopodes (2 vols., 1858- '60) ; Recherche* anatomiques sur les anne- lides turbellaries, opalines et gregarines, ob- serves dans les Hebrides (1861); Sur les oli- gochetes (1862); Recherche* sur Involution des araignees (1862); Etudes sur la circulation du sang chez les aranees du genre lycose (1863); and Glanures zootomiques jmrmi les annelides de Port- Vendres (1864). CLAPISSON, I.OH'K a French composer, born in Naples, Sept. 15, 1808, died in Paris, March 19, 1866. He was the son of a French musi- cian established at Naples, and was educated in Paris. In 1854 he was appointed professor of music at the conservatory, and in 1861 di- rector of a museum which he had founded and presented to the government, for the preserva- tion of musical relics and instruments. He was distinguished as a composer of ballads, songs, and comic, operas. Among his most successful operas are La perruche (1840), Le code noir (1842), Gibby, la cornemuse (1846), La funchonette (1856), and Margot (1857). His latest works were Les trois Nicolas (1858), and Madame Gregoire (1861). CLAPP, Theodore, an American clergyman, born in Easthampton, Mass., March 29, 1792, died in Louisville, Ky., April 17, 1866. He graduated at Yale college in 1814, studied the- ology at Andover, and in 1822 became pastor of the first Presbyterian church in New Or- leans. In 1834 he adopted Unitarian views and dissolved his connection with the Presby- terian church, but remained pastor of nearly the same congregation as before, organized under the name of the church of the Messiah. He resided in New Orleans through 20 epi- demics, including yellow fever and cholera, during which he earned universal esteem by his laborious devotion to all classes of citizens. In 1847 he travelled in Europe; in 1857 he resigned his pastorate on account of ill health ; and in 1858 he published a volume of " Auto- biographical Sketches and Recollections " of a 35 years' residence in New Orleans. CLAPPEBTON, Hugh, a traveller in Africa, born at Annan, Scotland, in 1788, died near Sackatoo, Africa, April 13, 1827. At the age of 13 he was apprenticed to a shipmaster trading between Liverpool and New York, with whom ho made a number of voyages. For an accidental violation of the excise laws he was sent on board a man-of-war, and speedily reached the rank of midshipman. He served on the American lakes during the war of 1812- '15, became lieutenant, and was placed in com- mand of a schooner. He returned to Scotland in 1817, and remained on half pay till 1822, when he joined Dr. Oudney's expedition for the exploration of the interior of Africa. The expedition started from Moorzook, Nov. 29, 1822, and reached Lake Tchad, in the king- dom of Borneo, Feb. 4, 1823. The distance was 800 m. Six days after entering Kuka, the cap- ital, Clapperton and Oudney set out for Sack- atoo, the capital of Houssa, more than 700 m. W. of Kuka. The journey was long and dis- astrous, occupying 90 days, and accompanied by many privations. When they had accom- plished about a third of the distance Oudney died ; and Clapperton, having reached his destination, was not suffered to proceed fur- ther westward, and after a short stay returned to Kuka, whence he proceeded in company with Major Denham to Tripoli, and thence to England. Within six months after his return he was raised to the rank of captain, equipped with the necessary men and goods for trading, and sailed for Badagry in the bight of Benin. Arriving there Dec. 7, 1825, he journeyed N. E. toward Sackatoo. Two of his companions, Capt. Pearce and Dr. Morrison, fell victims to the fatal climate within a short distance of the coast ; still Clapperton, accompanied by his faithful servant Richard Lander, pressed on. At Katunga they approached the Joliba, the western and main branch of the Niger, and