Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/601

 CINCINNATI 589 transportation, and 33,972 in manufactures and mining. The city is regularly laid out, the streets crossing each other at right angles. They are generally from 1 to 2-J in. long, with a width varying from 50 to 100 ft. West of Central avenue they run N. from the river and E. from Mill creek, while E. of that avenue their direction from the river is slightly W. of N. The streets and avenues are generally paved or macadamized, many of them heing adorned with shade trees. The buildings are substantial, and chiefly of brick. A grayish buff freestone for fronts is almost universally used for large business houses and the finest residences in the city proper, though many of the residences on the hills are of wood. The prevailing height of business buildings is five stories, though many are six. Dwellings are generally high and narrow, and seldom have front yards. The chief mercantile quarter covers about 300 acres, and lies between Fifth street and the river, and Broadway and Smith street. Business is not concentrated as in most other cities. Manufactories are scattered through all parts of the city and its suburbs. Pearl street, which contains nearly all the whole- sale boot and shoe and dry goods houses, is noted for its splendid row of lofty uniform stone fronts between. Vine and Race streets. Fourth street, the fashionable promenade, and the most select retail business street, between Broadway and Central avenue, a mile in ex- tent, is noted for its splendid stone front build- ings. Third street, between Main and Vine, contains the banking, brokerage, and insurance establishments, and the attorneys' offices, and W. of Vine street the large clothing houses. "Within a quarter of a mile of the custom house and post office are the chief theatres, newspaper offices, and libraries. In Pike street, in Fourth street from Pike to Broadway, and in Broad- way between Third and Fifth streets, are the mansions of the " east end ; " in Fourth street W. of Smith street, in Dayton street, and in Court street between Freeman and Baymiller streets, those of the " west end." The large district N. of the Miami canal, which enters the city from the N. W. and extends 8. to Ca- nal street, thence E. to the Ohio river, is known as " Over the Rhine." It is densely populated, almost exclusively by Germans, has numerous beer gardens, saloons, and concert halls, and is thoroughly German in its characteristics. In this vicinity are all the great breweries of Cin- cinnati. At the foot of Main, Sycamore, and Broadway, along Front street, is the public landing, an open area paved with bowlders, 1,000 ft. long, with a mean width of 425 ft. t Above the public landing, for 1 m., are the uarine, railway, and dry docks, and boat yards. Between -Central avenue and the foot of Fifth street are situated the extensive coal wharves md elevators. In the vicinity of the city there ire many beautiful drives ; one of the most at- the junction of Central avenue and Freeman street, to Spring Grove cemetery, and thence returning to the city by way of Clifton or Avondale. Cincinnati is well provided with parks and public grounds. Chief among these is Eden park, on a hill in the eastern dis- trict, and commanding magnificent views of the city, the valley of the Ohio, and the surround- ing country. It contains 216 acres. Lincoln, Washington, Hopkins, and the city parks are in central parts of the city, and contain an aggregate of about 25 acres. Burnet Woods, on the hill N. of the city, purchased in 1872, contains 170 acres, nearly all forest. Spring Grove, one of the most beautiful cemeteries in the west, lies 3 m. N. W. of the city, in the valley of Mill creek, and is approached by an attractive avenue 100 ft. wide. It contains 600 acres, comprising much picturesque wood- ed land tastefully laid out, and has about 100 Tyler Davidson Fountain. monuments, costing from $5,000 to $15,000 each. The entrance buildings are in the Nor- man Gothic style, and cost more than $50,000. The chief attractions are the Dexter mausoleum, representing a Gothic chapel, and the soldiers' monument, cast in Munich, and erected in 1864. It is a bronze statue, with granite pedes- tal, representing a soldier of the United States standing on guard. The most notable work oi art in Cincinnati is the Tyler Davidson fountain, in Fifth street (140 ft. wide), between Vine and Walnut. It stands on a freestone esplanade 60 ft. wide by 400 ft. long. In the centre of a porphyry-rimmed basin 40 ft. in diameter is the quatrefoil Saxon porphyry base support- ing the bronze work, whose base is 12 ft. square and 6 ft. high, with infant figures in niches at each corner representing the delights of children in water. Its faces are ornamented
 * ractive is that from the Brighton house, at