Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/502

 490 CHIPPEWA CHIQUITOS rises in the N. part of the state, flows in a S. W. direction through a country mostly covered with pine forests, and after a course of over 200 m. enters the Mississippi near Lake Pepin, 85 m. below St. Paul, Minnesota. It is about 500 yards wide at its mouth. CHIPPEWA. I. A N. E. county of Michigan, bordering on Lakes Superior and Huron, and bounded E. by the river St. Mary ; area, about 1,500 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 1,689. It includes several islands. The surface is hilly and partly covered with forests of pine. The chief pro- ductions in 1870 were 2,005 bushels of oats, 9,227 of potatoes, and 940 tons of hay. The value of live stock was $16,278. Capital, Sault Ste. Marie. II. A N. W. county of Wisconsin, traversed by the Chippewa river and several affluents; area, about 4,000 sq. in.; pop. in 1870, 8,311. The surface is uneven, and for- ests of pine and other trees abound. Sand- stone is common. The chief productions in 1870 were 131,505 bushels of wheat, 32,751 of Indian corn, 166,944 of oats, 67,890 of pota- toes, and 8,255 tons of hay. There were 928 horses, 1,466 milch cows, 2,559 other cattle, and 2,478 swine. There were 3 flour mills, 14 saw mills, and 2 breweries. Capital, Chippewa Falls. III. A S. W. county of Minnesota, bounded S. W. by the Minnesota river, and in- tersected by the Chippewa and Chetomba; area, 2,445 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 1,467. The St. Paul and Pacific railroad just touches the N. E. corner. The chief productions in 1870 were 9,318 bushels of wheat, 8,560 of Indian corn, 2,465 of oats, 4,993 tons of hay, and 64,830 Ibs. of butter. There were 158 horses, 584 milch cows, 1,501 other cattle, and 256 swine. Capital, Chippewa City. CHIPPEWA, a village and port of entry in the province of Ontario, Canada, in the township of Willoughby, Welland co. ; pop. about 1,200. It is situated at the confluence of the Chippewa and Niagara rivers, 2 m. above the falls, and contains an extensive steam engine manufac- tory, and one of the largest factories of stoves in the province. A battle was fought here, July 5, 1814, between the Americans under Gen. Brown and the British under Gen. Riall. On the 3d the Americans crossed the Niagara river, surprised Fort Erie, and the next day moved down the river. On the 5th they came upon the enemy, concealed behind a wood. After a series of attacks and counter-attacks, the British were finally repulsed, and re- treated across Chippewa creek, burning the bridge behind them. The Americans in this action were actually commanded by Gen. Scott, Gen. Brown not being in the field. The Americans engaged numbered 1,900 ; their loss was 68 killed and 267 wounded. The British numbered 2,100, and lost 188 killed and 365 wounded. CHIPPEWAS. See OJIBWAYS. CHIPPEWYANS. See TINNE. (HIQIIMILA. I. A department of Guate- mala, Central America, lying on the gulf of Honduras, and N. and W. of the states of Hon- duras and San Salvador ; area, about 4,000 sq. m. ; pop. about 75,000. The river Motagua, which nearly bisects it, emptying into the bay of Honduras, is its principal stream. San Tomas de Castillo, at its mouth, has one of the best ports in Central America. In 1844 a Bel- gian colony was established here, but it failed gradually, and in 1854 Guatemala resumed its authority over the settlement, and it is now nearly deserted. Izabal, the only other port of Guatemala, is also in Chiquimula. It is on the south shore of the gulf of Dulce, and can be reached only by vessels of light draught. II. Chiqnimnla de la Sierra, the capital of the department, about 75 m. N. E. of the city of Guatemala ; pop. about 6,000. It is the cen- tre of an active trade, and maize is raised in considerable quantities in its vicinity. It has a large church and a fountain in the principal square. III. Isthmus of, that part of the de- partment of Chiquimula along the Caribbean sea, extending about 70 m. from the mouth of the river Motagua to the N. W. extremity of the bay of Honduras. The distance from the Atlantic to the Pacific at this point is 150 m. CHIQUITOS, a once powerful Indian tribe of South America, inhabiting the country west of the river Paraguay, in the present province of Chiquitos in Bolivia. They are described by Charlevoix and other early writers as an intelligent and independent race, brave and with warlike instincts, and excelling in manly exercises. They occupied the hills and elevated plateaus, lived in families, united agriculture with the chase, and, possessing large resources, were always numerous. They were first visited by Alexis Garcia, a Portuguese, who, having been sent from the coast of Brazil to explore the interior of Paraguay, about 1525, conceived the bold project of reaching Peru across the wilder- ness of the Gran Chaco. Gathering a force of 2,000 Indians, he went up the Paraguay above the site of Asuncion, and thence passed in a N. W. direction through the S. portion of Chi- quitos, fighting his way through the thickly populated country until he reached the Andes, where he was murdered by his Indian allies. In 1537 Juan de Ayolas perished in conducting a similar expedition. Other adventurers failed in bringing to subjection this brave people, and it was not till 1691 that a permanent settle- ment was made among them. In that year Father Arce, a Jesuit, established the mission of San Xavier, and from that time till their ex- pulsion the Jesuits retained an unbounded in- fluence over the natives. Other missions soon followed. In 1696 San Kafael was built; in 1706, San Jose and San Juan ; in 1707, Concep- cion and San Ignacio ; and soon afterward San- ta Anna and San Miguel. Santiago was founded in 1740, and San Corazon in 1751. Occupy- ing a comparatively isolated position, these missions enjoyed a peaceful and harmonious existence. Under the instruction of the fathers the Indians acquired many industrial arts, cul-