Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/441

 CHILIASM CIIILLINGWORTH 433 States, was signed at Washington April 11, 1871. In 1869-'70 the Araucanians again prov- ed troublesome; but in 1871 their self-styled king had left the country, and Chili was prepar- ing to occupy it permanently. During the past few years Chili has made great material and intellectual progress. New mines have been opened, agriculture has made steady advances, means of communication have been increased, schools and libraries have been established, and improved means of education adopted, and nu- merous measures of social reform inaugurated. Agricultural schools have been founded, and a national agricultural society is in successful operation. In 1873 this society sent a collection of the agricultural products of the country to the Vienna exposition. Religious instruction is no longer made obligatory in private schools ; dissenters from the established Roman Catholic religion are allowed to worship in buildings be- longing to private individuals, and to be buried in the cemeteries; and civil marriages have been legalized. Among new measures propos- ed are a bill for the abolition of flogging, an- other for the reform of the election laws, and a third for a new assessment of landed property. A mole, to cost $400,000, is to be constructed at Valparaiso ; the navigation of the river Val- divia is to be improved ; and the bar at the en- trance of the Maule is to be opened, so as to render the harbor of Concepcion more accessi- ble. There is also a project to widen the prin- cipal streets of Santiago, and to beautify it. There is a strong liberal party in Chili in favor of curbing the power of the clergy in political affairs, of separating church and state, and of abolishing the property qualification for suf- frage. Suffrage is now much restricted, there being only about 40,000 voters in a population of 2,000,000. In the election of 1871 the lib- erals nominated as their candidate Jose Ur- menita, and he was supported by a large por- tion of the wealth and intelligence of Chili ; but Federigo Errazuriz, the candidate of the clerical party, was elected, all the government patronage being employed in his interest. The following works treat of the history, geogra- phy, commerce, &c., of Chili : Molina's " His- tory of the Conquest of Chili " (1782), and " Geographical, Natural, and Civil History of Chili" (1787; English translation, Middletown, Conn., 1808) ; M. Claude Gay's u Natural His- tory of Chili," published by the government; VonTschudi's "Peru;" Lieut. Gilliss's "Report of the United States Naval Astronomical Expe- dition " (6 vols., Washington, 1855-'8); and Lieut. Smith's "Araucanians" (New York, 1855). The subject of Ercilla's "Araucana," the greatest of Spanish epic poems, was a war with the Araucanians in the middle of the 16th century, in which the poet was personally en- gaged. (See EBOILLA.) CHILIASM. See MILLENNIUM. CHILLICOTHE, a city of Ohio, capital of Ross county, on the right bank of the Scioto river, 45 m. in a direct line, or 70 m. following the windings, above its junction with the Ohio, and 3 m. above the mouth of Paint creek, 45 m. S. of Columbus, and 96 m. N. E. of Cincin- nati; pop. in 1870, 8,920. The Marietta and Cincinnati railroad renders accessible the rich coal and iron mines of southern Ohio. The Ohio and Erie canal extends from Portsmouth, at the mouth of the Scioto, through this city, to Columbus and Cleveland. Chillicothe is the centre of nearly all the trade of the rich farm- ing country bordering on the Scioto, one of the finest agricultural districts-of the United States. It is beautifully situated, 30 ft. above the river, on a plain which forms the bottom of a valley, enclosed by two ranges of cultivated hills 500 ft. high. The principal avenues follow the course of the stream, and are intersected at right angles by others, all lighted with gas, and regularly planned. The two main streets, which cross each other in the centre of the city, are each 99 ft. wide ; Water street, facing the river, is 82|- ft. wide ; and the width of the others is 66 ft. A supply of water is obtained from works erected at a cost of $75,000. There are many handsome public buildings, including 13 churches, 4 brick school houses, and a stone court house, which cost over $100,000. The manufacturing industry is important, embracing 7 carriage and wagon factories, 3 flour mills, 5 bakeries, a machine shop, a saw mill, a distil- lery, a manufactory of agricultural implements and edge tools, a planing mill, a paper mill, a pork-packing establishment, a book-bindery, an iron foundery, and a manufactory of mat- tresses. There are 11 hotels, an insurance company, and 3 national banks with an aggre- gate capital of $400,000. The city is divided into four wards, and is governed by a mayor and a common council of two members from each ward. It contains 36 public schools, in- cluding a high school, which in 1871 had 42 teachers and an average attendance of 1,857. There are also two Catholic parochial schools, with an average attendance of 692, a commer- cial college, a select school for girls, and three newspapers. Chillicothe was founded by emi- grants from Virginia in 1796, and from 1800 to 1810 was the seat of the state government. CHILLIES. See CAPSICUM. (HILLING WORTH, William, an English divine and controversial writer, born at Oxford in October, 1602, died at Chichester, Jan. 30, 1644. He was admitted a scholar of Trinity college, Oxford, in 1618, and elected a fellow in 1628. He made great proficiency in divinity and mathematics, and displayed remarkable skill in disputation. The theologians and uni- versity scholars in his time were constantly debating the comparative merits of the churches of England and Rome, and Chilliugworth, while delighting in ingenious argumentation, became unsettled in his opinions. A Jesuit named Fisher convinced him of the necessity of an infallible rule of faith, whereupon he immedi- ately abjured Protestantism and proceeded to the college of the Jesuits at Douai. He had