Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/43

 CARTER CARTHAGE 35 chief materials for an English edition of De Thou and Rigault (7 vols., London, 1733); a " Life of James, Duke of Ormond " (London, 1735-'f>) ; and a " History of England " (4 vols., 1747-'55), which brings the history down to Iti."i4; the manuscript for the remainder, to 1C88, is preserved in the Bodleian library. CARTER. I. A N. E. county of Tennessee, bor- dering on North Carolina, drained by affluents of Holston river, and by Doe river ; area, about 350 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,909, of whom 573 wore colored. It occupies some of the highest ground in the state. The Iron mountain range, covered with timber and rich in mines of iron, extends along its S. E. border. Watauga river and other streams supply water power, which is extensively employed in iron works. The valleys are highly productive. A branch of the East Tennessee, Virginia, and Georgia railroad traverses the county. The chief pro- ductions in 1870 were 37,169 bushels of wheat, 132,097 of Indian corn, 63,396 of oats, and 2,155 tons of hay. There were 1,033 horses, 1,326 milch cows, 2,543 other cattle, 5,430 sheep, and 7,253 swine. There were 6 iron forges, 1 flour mill, and 1 manufactory of woollen goods. Capital, Elizabethtown. II. A N. E. county of Kentucky, intersected by the Little Sandy river and Tygert's creek ; area, about 500 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,509, of whom 100 were colored. The surface is hilly and broken. The soil near the rivers is tolerably fertile, but in other places unfit for cultivation. The mineral we;ilth is considerable, iron ore and stone coal being found among the hills in_great quantities. The Elizabeth, Lexington, and Big Sandy rail- road is to traverse the county. The chief pro- ductions in 1870 were 13,214 bushels of wheat, 282,691 of Indian corn, 41,507 of oats, 107,529 Ibs. of butter, and 17,175 of wool. There were 1,805 horses, 1,747 milch cows, 2,892 other cattle, 8,614 sheep, and 7,988 swine. There were 2 manufactories of pig iron. Capital, Grayson. III. A S. E. county of Missouri, in- tersected by Current river ; area, 500 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 1,455, of whom 30 were colored. The surface is diversified by hills and valleys. Timber is plentiful, and copper and iron are found. The chief productions in 1870 were 4,992 bushels of wheat, 73,259 of Indian corn, 7,311 of oats, and 28,550 Ibs. of tobacco. There were 417 horses, 470 milch cows, 1,047 other cattle, 1,182 sheep, and 3,589 swine. Capital, Van Buren. CARTER, Elizabeth, an English authoress, born at Deal, Dec. 16, 1717, died in London, Feb. 19, 1806. She translated Epictetus (London, 1758), and also wrote some poems for the " Gentleman's Magazine," numbers 44 and 100 of the " Rambler," and published a volume of poems in 1738. Her poetical works exhibit much tenderness, simplicity of sentiment, and expressive sweetness. She never married. CARTERET, an E. county of North Carolina, bordering on the Atlantic and Pamlico sound ; area, 450 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 9,010, of whom 2,725 -were colored. Several long, narrow isl- ands, on one of which is Cape Lookout, par- tially separate it from the sea, and Newport river flows through it. The surface is level, and much of it is occupied by swamps and pine forests. The Atlantic and North Carolina rail- road passes through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 32,260 bushels of Indian corn, 58,715 of sweet potatoes, and 774 bales of cot- ton. There were 542 horses, 935 milch cows, 1,970 other cattle, 1,099 sheep, and 3,765 swine. There were 2 saw mills and 4 manufac- tories of tar and turpentine. Capital, Beaufort. CARTERET, Philip, an English navigator, was captain of the Swallow in the expedition com- manded by Samuel Wallis, which sailed Aug. 22, 1766, on a voyage of discovery to the South seas; but he parted from Wallis's vessel, the Dolphin, and made a separate expedition. He discovered Queen Charlotte's isles, and other islands, two of which he called Gower and Car- teret. He returned to England Feb. 20, 1769, and a description of his voyage was given by Dr. Hawkesworth in the introduction to his narrative of Capt. Cook's first voyage. CARTESIUS. See DESCAKTES. CARTHAGE (called by the Carthaginians Karfh- hadtha, the new city; the Carthago of the Romans, 'K.apx'nSuv of the Greeks), an ancient city and state in the north of Africa. The city, near the site of modern Tunis, on a peninsula which extends into a small bay of the Mediter- ranean, was founded, according to the legend, by Dido, a Phoenician princess, about 880 B. C. Of the early history, first settlement, and chro- nology of Carthage, beyond the fact that the original colonists were Phoenicians from Tyre, nothing definite is known ; and ancient writers materially differ as to the' date of the foundation of the city. Probably it was older, as at one period it was more important, than its rival Rome, and soon after its settlement it became very populous by the influx of Africans who came thither for traffic. How long Carthage remained under a monarchy, or what events occurred in its early history, is unknown, at least for a period of 300 years ; but from the beginning it was an important maritime and commercial city, with a trade extending to all the ports in the Mediterranean, and inland to the Nile and to the Niger. Beyond the straits of Hercules the commerce of Carthage reached to the W. coast of Africa, to northern Europe, and even, it is supposed, to the Azores. About 508 B. C. the Carthaginians made a treaty with the Romans, relating mainly to commerce ; and by this treaty (whose genuineness is contested by modern scholars), which Polybius (iii. 22, 26) translated from the original brazen tablets in the capitol, it appears that Sardinia and a part of Sicily were then subject to Carthage. It gradually extended its supremacy over all the islands in the western half of the Mediterranean. Its foreign trade was mainly a monopoly, which the treaty with Rome shows it meant to main- tain. Beyond her commercial importance, and