Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/426

 418 CHICKAEEE CIIICKASAWS 50,000; the Union force was about 55,000, but of this more than 10,000 were isolated early in the day, and took no further part in the battle. In this estimate the cavalry on either side are not included, as they had no scope for action. The Union loss is officially stated at 1,644 killed, 9,262 wounded, and 4,945 prisoners; 15,851 in all. The confederate reports are wanting for about one third of the force, including Longstreet's own brigades, which were most severely engaged. In the two thirds reported, the loss was 1,394 killed, 8,974 wounded, and 882 missing, 11,250 in all; the entire loss being not far from 18,000. A month after this battle Rosecrans was relieved from the command of the army of the Cumberland, which was in- corporated with the armies of the Ohio and the Tennessee, and placed under command of Gen. Grant, who on Nov. 23-25, 1863, defeat- ed Gen. Bragg in front of Chattanooga. (See CHATTANOOGA.) CHICKAREE, a name given, from its loud chattering note, to the red, Hudson bay, or pine squirrel (aciurua Uud*oniu, Pall.). The body is stout, 7 to 8 inches long, and the tail Chickaree (Sdurna Iludsonlus). rather less, narrow and flat ; ears moderate, broad, tufted at the tip. The color above and on the sides is a mixed black and grayish rusty, with a broad wash of bright ferruginous down the back and upper surface of the tail ; dull white below ; tail rusty at the margin, within which is a narrow black band ; there is often a black line on the flanks separating the colors of the sides and belly ; soles hairy or naked according to the season. It is found from high northern latitudes to the Mississippi, and throughout the northern and middle Atlantic states in elevated regions. It is active, grace- ful, fearless of man, cleanly, and industrious in laying up a winter supply of food; it some- times makes its nest in outbuildings ; it is very lively all winter, eating its store of nuts, and the seeds of pines and firs ; in cold climates it burrows in the ground at the foot of some large coniferous tree. Its flesh is tender and well- flavored ; it is less gentle and easily tamed than the gray squirrel. It much resembles the com- mon squirrel of Europe (S. vvlgarit, Linn.). CHICK ASA W. I. A N. E. county of Missis- sippi; area, about 990 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 19,899, of whom 10,069 were colored. It was ceded to the state by the Chickasaw Indians. The surface is level, and the soil fertile. The Oktibbeha, Looshacoona, and Yallabusha are the principal streams. The Mobile and Ohio railroad crosses the N. E. corner. The chief productions in 1870 were 6,669 bushels of wheat, 478,406 of Indian corn, 16,992 of oats, 36,314 of sweet potatoes, and 8,892 bales of cotton. There were 2,366 horses, 2,193 mules and asses, 4,067 milch cows, 6,911 other cattle, 4,980 sheep, and 25,813 swine. Capital, Houston. II. A N. E. county of Iowa, intersected by the Wapsipinicon river and its tributaries, and also drained by Crane creek and the Little Cedar river; area, 576 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 10,180. Prairies and forests occupy most of the surface. The Cedar Falls and Minnesota railroad touch- es the S. W. corner, and the McGregor and Missouri River railroad passes through the county. The chief productions in 1870 were 417,849 bushels of wheat, 386,723 of Indian corn, 334,521 of oats, 22,762 of barley, 62,462 of potatoes, 84,651 tons of hay, 422,338 Ibs. of butter, and 18,426 of wool. There were 8,558 horses, 4,736 milch cows, 7,919 other cattle, 4,830 sheep, and 6,206 swine. Capital, New Hampton. CHICKASAW BATOF, Battle of, fought near Vicksburg, Miss., Dec. 29, 1862. Gen. Sher- man, who was besieging Vicksburg, finding the city unassailable in front, endeavored, to attack it in the rear. He sent a strong force 10 m. up the Yazoo river, which was to land and march down from the north. In the way of this march was the Chickasaw bayou, set- ting out from the Yazoo, bordered by a broad miry swamp, almost impassable, and guarded by batteries and rifle pits. These were held in such force that all attempts to cross the bayou failed, and the enterprise was abandoned, hav- ing cost 192 killed, 982 wounded, and 756 miss- ing. The confederate loss was insignificant. CHICKASAWS, a nation of American Indians, residing when first known to the whites about 160 m. E. of the Mississippi, between lat. 34 and 35 N. According to their own tradition, they came from west of the Mississippi with the Creeks and Choctaws. When about to start eastward, they were provided with a large dog as a guard and a pole as a guide. As they marched they planted the pole in the ground every night, and in the morning looked at it and went in the way it leaned. They crossed the Mississippi, in which their guard- ian dog was drowned, and arrived on the Alabama, where their pole, after being unset- tled for several days, at length pointed south- west. They proceeded in that direction to what is known as the Chickasaw old fields, where the pole remained perfectly upright. In 1540 De Soto reached Chicaca, one of their towns in what is now the northern part of the state of Mississippi, and wintered there. But