Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/42

 CARTAGO CARTE Cartagena, Colombia. by two strong castles ; and the Caldera, as deep as the first, and thoroughly sheltered. The en- trance to the bay is rather difficult; the tides are extremely irregular, and the roadstead for large vessels is distant nearly 3 m. from the city. The excessive heat is somewhat tem- pered by frequent sea breezes. Tlie climate is not extremely insalubrious, especially in the dry season from December to May ; but yellow fever epidemics at times commit fearful rav- ages, and leprosy is not uncommon. The lomba, a disease closely resembling yellow fever, in 1872 carried oft' 6,000 victims in the course of a few months. Mosquitoes are very large and troublesome ; and a small insect, the comejen, may destroy in a single night whole packages of silk, woollen, or linen fab- rics. Maize, rice, beans, peanuts, yuca. and tobacco are produced in abundance, with plen- tiful supplies of cabinet and other woods, and various species of gums, medicinal plants, &c. The exports to the United States are tolu, caoutchouc, vegetable ivory, mora, hides, and some other commodities. Delicious fish are taken in the bay, which is besides remarkable for enormous turtles, and for the number, vo- racity, and hideous appearance of the sharks found in it. Cartagena was founded by the. Spaniards in 1533, and fortified at a cost of $29,000,000. In 1544 it was seized by the French ; it was taken by Sir Francis Drake in 1585, and again by the French in 1697. Ad- miral Vernon unsuccessfully besieged it in 1741. In 1815 it was taken by Bolivar, again surren- dered to the royalists the same year, and was finally retaken by the republicans Sept. 25, 1821. CARTAGO, an inland city of the United States of Colombia, in the state of Cauca, on the right bank of the river Cauca, 130 m. TV. of Bogota, for the trade of which city it is the entrepot; pop. about 8,000. It is situated at a slight elevation above the Cauca, nd 3,500 ft. above the level of the sea. The streets are wide and well laid out, but poorly lighted ; the houses are well built; and the surrounding country is exceedingly picturesque and highly cultivated. Cartago has a cathedral, two parish churches, and a Lancasterian and soxne other schools. Considerable droves of horned cattle and swine are raised in the neighbor- hood ; the various tropical fruits, sugar, cacao of superior quality, coffee, and tobacco, are abundantly produced, and form, with swine and jerked beef, the chief articles of export. The city was founded by the Spaniards in 1540, between the rivers Otan and Quindiu, and was at the end of the same century trans- ferred to its present site. CARTAGO, an inland town of Costa Rica, on the right bank of the river of the same name, 13 m. E. N. E. of San Jose. This town, once a populous and prosperous emporium, and the residence of the federal authorities, was almost swallowed up, Sept. 2, 1841, by an earthquake which left standing only 100 out of 3,000 houses, and one out of seven churches. The commercial importance of the place has ever since been on the decrease, and the population has dwindled to about 5,000, owing in part to the decrease of the Indians, who mainly form the working class. Near the town is an ex- tinct volcano 11,480 ft. high. CARTE, Thomas, an English scholar, born near Clifton, Warwickshire, in April, 1686, died near Abingdon, Berkshire, April 2, 1754. He studied at Oxford and Cambridge, received holy orders, and was appointed reader of the Abbey church at Bath. A sermon which he preached in January, 1714, in which he endeavored to vin- dicate Charles I. with regard to the Irish re- bellion, engaged him in a controversy with Dr. Chandler and led to his first publication, entitled u The Irish Massacre set in a Clear Light." On the accession of George I. he declined taking the oath of allegiance, and therefore relin- quished his ecclesiastical office. In 1715 he was suspected of being implicated in the re- bellion, and was obliged to conceal himself at Coleshill. Having officiated as curate in that town for a short time, he became secretary to Bishop Atterbury. In 1722 he was strongly suspected of being concerned in the bislioji's conspiracy, and a reward of 1,000 was oft'ered for his apprehension ; but ho escaped into France and remained there 12 years under the assumed name of Phillips, until Queen Caroline obtained permission for him to return to Eng- land. In 1744 he again gave umbrage to the government, and was arrested, but soon dis-^ charged. His principal works consist of the*