Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/417

 CIIICHESTER CIIICKAHOMINY 409 of columns at Chichen, the highest of which do not exceed 6 ft, so disposed as to form a vast parallelogram, each row being 3, 4, and 5 ft. deep from the outside to the enclosed space Chichen. within. In the immediate vicinity of the area comprised within these pillars is the castillo or castle, rising from the same plane, and oc- cupying the top of a lofty pyramidal mound which measures at its base on the N. and S. side 196 ft., and on the E. and W. side 202 ft., and is 75 ft. in height. The four sides of the building itself measure 43 and 49 ft. respec- tively in the same directions as the mound. CIIICHESTER (anc. Regnum), a city of Eng- land, capital of the county of Sussex, at the termination of a gentle slope from the South Down hills, 53 m. S. W. of London, and 14 m. E. K E. of Portsmouth ; pop. in 1871, 8,205. It is surrounded by an old but well preserved wall m. in circuit, lined with elms, and forming a pleasant walk. There are four main streets radiating from a central square, where there is an elegant cross, erected in 1478. Most of the houses are of brick with tiled roofs, and many are built with considerable taste. The prin- cipal edifice is the cathedral, erected in the 13th century, upon the foundations of one erected in 1108, and exhibiting specimens of nearly every style of Gothic architecture. The beautiful octagonal spire, 300 ft. high, built in the 14th century, fell down in 1861, in conse- quence of some repairs which were in pro- gress, and a new one was erected in 1866. One of its most striking features is a monument to the poet Collins, who was born and died in this city. It has eight other modern monu- ments by Flaxman, and many more of some antiquity. The extreme length of the cathe- dral is 407 ft., and its breadth 150 ft. The transept is 129 ft. long by 34 ft. broad. Near the X. W. angle is a massive bell tower, 120 ft. high, and on the S. is a quadrangle enclosed by cloisters and containing the churchyard. There is a blue coat school founded in 1702 and enjoying an income from endowment of 1,300 per annum. There are also a diocesan theological college, and a training college founded by Bishop Otter in 1841, with a model school attached to it. Two hundred years ago nearly all the needles made in England came from this town, but the only manufactures now are coopers' and other wooden ware, leather, parchment, and candles. Extensive corn and cattle markets are held. The town has com- munication with the sea at Chichester harbor, by means of a branch of the Arundel canal, used chiefly for the transportation of coal. The name Ohichester is supposed to be a cor- ruption of Cissanceaster, the camp of Cissa, an An<4o-Saxon chief who repaired it after its partial destruction by the South Saxons under ^Ella in 491. It was the capital of the king- dom of Sussex till its conquest by the West Saxons. In December, 1 642, the parliamentary forces took it from the royalists, and in 1648 the parliament caused its fortifications to be destroyed. The see of Chichester was originally founded at Selsea in the 7th century, and re- moved to Chichester toward the end of the llth. The income of the .bishop is 4,200 a year. Chichester gives the title of earl to the Pelham family. CHICKADEE. See BLACKCAP. CHICKAHOMINY, a river in S. E. Virginia, near which were fought several important bat- tles during the civil war. It rises in swampy uplands about 20 m. N. W. of Richmond, flows S. E. about 50 m. parallel with and about mid- way between the James and York rivers, then turns sharply S., and after a winding course of nearly 20 m. falls into the James, about 40 m. S. E. of Richmond, and 10 m. W. of Williams- burg. Toward its mouth it becomes a consid-