Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/410

 402 CHICAGO ARRIVED. CLEARED. YEARS. VtueU. Tonnage. Veuelf. Tonnage. 1-f,-> 7,417 8.678 8,988 10,112 11,084 12.280 18.174 18,780 12,789 12.880 12,824 1,981,692 2.172,611 2,172.866 2.106.859 2,258,572 2,588,527 2.984.591 8.128.400 8.04'.i.265 8.096.101 8,059,752 7,270 8.457 8.824 10.067 11,115 12.140 18,228 18.872 12.488 12,812 12,581 1,915,554 2.161.221 2,166,914 2,092,276 2,861,520 2.512,676 8,020.812 8.149.946 2,9?8,942 8.1 Ixi.'.'.S. 1 ) 8,017,790 1868 1864 1863 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 In 1872, 12,622 vessels in the coasting trade, of 3,001,538 tons, arrived, and 12,064 cleared; 152 foreign vessels, of 43,802 tons, arrived from and 150 cleared for foreign ports; 50 American vessels, of 14,412 tons, arrived from and 317 cleared for foreign ports. As a market for live stock Chicago is the most important centre in the United States. The vast live stock trade is transacted at the union stock yards, situated near the S. limits of the city, and con- nected with all the railroad lines. They were opened Dec. 25, 1865, comprise 345 acres, of which 100 are in pens, and have 31 m. of drainage, 7 m. of streets and alleys, 3 m. of water troughs, 10 m. of feed troughs, 2,300 gates, and cost $1,675,000. They have capa- city for 21,000 cattle, 75,000 hogs, 22,000 BECEIVED. YEARS. BOGS. Lira. DnaMd. Total. 1857. 208,902 85,488 244,845 48,624 1868. 416.225 124,261 540,486 140,584 1859. 188,671 82.558 271.224 111,694 1800. 285.149 107,715 892^ 117,101 1861. 519089 12fi,>63 C>75.902 204,259 1862. 1,110971 237.919 1,84^,890 209.C.55 1868. 1,006,818 8:>o,aV5 1,956.878 804.448 1864. 1,285,871 2?9,457 1,575,823
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1865. 757.072 92,289 84!l,311 880,801 1866. 988.288 868,098 1, 286,826 884.251 1867. 1,690,689 260.481 1,987,120 829.243 1868. 1,706.592 281.923 1.988.515 828.514 1869. 1,661.869 190,518 1.852,38:3 403,102 1870. 1,698,158 20,214 1,958,872 682,!>64 1871. 2,8!-0,088 272,466 2,652.549 548.050 1872. 8,252,628 285,905 8,488,62$ 6(4,075 YEARS noos. Lira. Dreaud. Total. 1867. 110.070 18,408 128.668 25.602 1868. 169,1S1 82.832 192.018 42.683 1859. .M.'.'M 22.192 110.246 87.5-i4 1860. 191.981 HUM 227,164 97.474 1861. 216,9*2 7--M12 2s'..ii94 124,145 1862. 446,506 44.629 491,185 112.745 1868. 752.151 110.089 862,190 201,061! 1864. 661,277 9S.115 659.892 868,480 1865. 676,511 69.084 644.545 801.637 1866. 4M.7M 91.806 676.099 _'is 7.3 1867. 760647 156.091 916.688 216,9)2 1868. 1.020.812 226.-.I01 1,247,718 217,897 1869. 1,086805 19:i.650 1.2^955 294.717 1870. 924.4?8 171.188 1.095.671 891.7d9 1871. 1.162.286 16;>.478 1.381,759 401,927 1872. l.N35,8M 143,701 1,981,295 510,025 sheep, and 200 horses. "Water is supplied for the use of the yards from artesian wells. The foregoing tahles exhibit the receipts and ship- ments of cattle and hogs for a series of years. The total value of the live stock received in 1872 was estimated by the board of trade at $75,475,000, including cattle valued at $41,- 000,000, hogs $33,500,000, sheep $950,000, and horses $250,000. Since 1862-'3 Chicago has held the supremacy in extent of pork-packing, having in that year distanced Cincinnati in this respect. Of the total number (4,885,910) of hogs packed in the west in 1871 -'2, 1,225,236 were packed in Chicago and 717,816 in Cin- cinnati. The growth of this industry in Chi' cago is shown in the following statement : SEASON. Number of Hogi Packed. SEASON. Numb of HORI Packed. l51-'52.... 22,086 1862-'68 970264 1852-'58 44,156 18(i8-'64 (104 659 l 4 58-'54 62,849 18fi4-'65 7i'.n 514 li-S^'Sft 78694 lh(i6-'66 507865 1855-'56 80,880 1866-'67 CS'.i 832 ls66-'57 74,000 1867-'(>8 ... 7!H> '" ls67-'58 {19,'.'62 186s-'69 6<7 <)54 1858-';59 179.6S4 186-'70 isw-'eo 151 839 1870-'71 919 197 1860-'61 271,h05 1871-'72 1 22. 1861-'62.... 605,691 1872-'78... 1.406.650 The details of the packing for two seasons are Packed In October Packed Nov. 1 to March 1 : Live Dressed Total for winter Total for year Average net weight, Ibs Yield of lard, average Ibs. per bog. Total tierces of 800 Ibs Barrelled Pork : Mess, bbls Prluie mess, bbls Extra prime, bbls Total bbls Middles: Short clear. Ibs Short rib, Ibs Long clear. Ibs Cumberland cut, Ibs Rough sides, Ibs Shoulders, Ibs Hams. Ibs Bulk, green. Ibs Sweet pickled, tierces 1871-'72. 10,850 1,107,886 107.001 1.214.886 1,225.286 28.234 4.877 167,692 126,059 19,!'88 8.048 149,040 24 928.980 81,7(iO,089 18802,005 6.285,424 1.780,608 8;,827,752 27,702.599 25,478 1870-71. 48,917 750.040 120,240 870.280 919.197 22,524 8.718 114,972 99.801 40.887 8.5JI8 148,781 12.559,866 80.084.065 6,809,832 6.'J78,849 4,114.816 21,962,881 18,500.007 81,870 The packing of 1872 was performed by 27 principal firms and a number of smnll houses. One firm alone packed 873,725 hogs in the four winter months. The work is very expeditious. The hogs are driven up an inclined plane to a pen in the upper part of the packing house. A chain or cord attached to a pulley in a sliding frame near the ceiling is slipped over one hind leg, the hog is jerked up, his throat cut, the body lowered into a long vat of boiling water, lifted out, scraped, disembowelled, mid hung up to cool. When cooled the bodies are cut up into "meats" or pork, and salted, the irregular pieces being thrown into huge tanks, where they are steamed into lard. A
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