Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/402

 394 CHEVEEUSE CHEYENNES CIIK VRKISK, Marie de Rohan Montbazon, duchess de, a French woman celebrated for her beauty, wit, and intrigues, born in December, 1600, died at Gagny, near Chelles, Aug. 12, 1679. When scarcely 17 years old she married the duke de Luynes, grand constable of France, who died four years afterward. She next be- came the wife of Claude de Lorraine, duke de Chevreuse. A great friend of Anne of Austria, she incurred the hatred of Richelieu, and became so obnoxious to him that he determined to have her arrested ; but, made aware of his project, she assumed man's attire, crossed the Somme by swimming, and fled to England. For years she was an exile from France, and Louis XIII. had been inspired by his minister with such fear of her uncontrollable spirit and cunning, that in his will he forbade her return to France. Anne allowed her to return, however, but the queen's coldness induced the duchess again to leave the court. Afterward she engaged in new plots against Mazarin, mostly acting in concert with the cardinal de Retz, and was once more com- pelled to leave France. Her intriguing spirit outlived her beauty, and she wandered through the Netherlands, Germany, and England, still plotting against her enemies. < lli:l INK. a name popularly given to the ground robin or towhee bunting (pipilo ery- throphthalmus, Vieill.), from its usual note. It belongs to the family of fringillidae or finches, and the genus includes several species. The chewink is about 8f inches long, the wing 3}, and the tail a little over 4 inches. The upper parts generally, head and neck all round, and A'l'.V Chewink. upper part of breast, are glossy black, sharply defined against the pure white which extends to the vent, but is bounded on the sides and under the wings by light chestnut ; wings and tail black marked with white ; iris red, as the specific name implies. The bill is stoat and curved, the feat large with strong curved claws, and the tail considerably longer than the wings. The female is brown where the male is black. It is a common bird in America east of the Missouri, generally seen upon the ground among low bushes ; its song is sweet and mellow. The nest is on the ground, in a small hole made for the purpose, and the four to six eggs are pale flesh-colored, with dark spots. Two or three broods are raised in a season. Similar species are found west of the Kocky mountains, in California, and in Mexico. The food consists of worms and insects, in the search for which ' it seems so entirely absorbed that it may be very closely approached. It goes south in Oc- tober, returning in the spring. CHEYENNE, a S. W. county of Nebraska, bounded W. by Wyoming and S. by Colorado, and intersected by the N. and S. forks of the Platte ; area, about 6,000 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 190. The Union Pacific railroad runs E. and W. through the S. portion. Capital, Sidney. CHEYENNE, the capital of Wyoming territory and seat of justice of Laramie county, situated on the Union Pacific railroad, in the S. E. part of the territory, 516 m. by rail W. of Omaha, Neb., and 1,260 m. E. of Sacramento, Cal. ; pop. in 1870, 1,450; in 1873, about 2,500. The city is built on a broad open plain, about 6,000 ft. above the sea ; Crow creek, an affluent of the South Platte, winds around it on two sides. The land rises slightly toward the west, while toward the east it gradually though impercep- tibly declines. The streets are broad, and laid out at right angles with the railroad. The Denver Pacific railroad connects it with Den- ver, Colorado, 106 m. distant. Fort D. A. Russell is situated 2 m. N. W. of Cheyenne, and Fort Russell depot about half way between them. The depot is used for storing and dis- tributing the government supplies for Forts Laramie and Fettennan on the North Platte and the Indian agencies N. of the city. About 10,000,000 Ibs. of freight are annually sent to those points from the Union Pacific railroad at Cheyenne. The principal public building is the brick court house, with an iron jail and jailer's residence attached, which cost $40,000. The two-story brick public school house cost $12,000, and has an average attendance of 70 scholars. There are about 60 business houses, representing the ordinary branches of trade. The principal manufactures are of saddles and moss agate jewelry, the stone being found in large quantities in the territory. The machine and repair shops of the Union Pacific railroad are extensive. The first national bank of Chey- enne has a capital of $100,000. There are several hotels, a small theatre, two newspapers issuing daily and weekly editions, and Congre- gational, Episcopal, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Roman Catholic churches. Cheyenne was settled in the summer of 1867, when the Union Pacific railroad first reached the point. At one period there were 6,000 inhabitants in the place and vicinity, but as the road was extended west the floating population migrated with it. In the fall of 1869 a considerable portion of the business part of the city was burned, involving a loss of $500,000, but it was speedily rebuilt. CHEYENNES, a nation of Indians, being with the Blackfeet the most westerly tribe con- nected with the great Algonquin family. They