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 CHENANGO RIVER CHENTER 373 36 snw mills, 4 manufactories of agricultural implements, 14 of furniture, 7 of pig iron and castings, 3 of machinery, 17 of saddlery and harness, 7 of woollen goods, and 2 breweries. Capital, Norwich. (HKA(iO RIVER rises in Oneida co., N. Y., flows S. S. W. through Madison and Chenango cos., and empties into the Susquehanna in Broome co., near the Pennsylvania border. Its whole length is about 90 m. CHENAUB, Chenab, or Chinab (anc. Acesines), the largest of the five rivers of the Punjaub, tributary of the Indus ; total length about 750 m. The Chenaub rises about lat. 32 48' -N., Ion. 77 27' E., in Lahool, 8. of Ladakh, and flows N. W. to the borders of Cashmere, and thence mainly S. W. A little below Ak- noor it emerges upon the plain of the Punjaub, from which point it is navigable for rafts. Still holding a S. W. course, it unites with the Jhylum, and about 50 m. below with the Ra- vee, and then with the Ghara, or lower Sutlej, from which point it loses its name, and the uni- ted stream is called the Punjnud, which flows into the Indus just as it leaves the S. boundary of the Punjaub. The water of the Chenaub is red, that of the Ghara pale, and these distinc- tive colors may be seen for some miles down- ward in the united stream, the red on the western, and the pale on the eastern side. CHENAVARD, Paul, a French painter, born in Lyons, Dec. 9, 1808. Previous to the revolu- tion of 1848 he was already known by his pictures of the "Trial of Louis XVI." and "Mirabeau answering the Marquis of Dreux- Br6ze." He was now chosen to execute 50 cartoons for the French Pantheon, and selected for his subject the history of civilization from Genesis to the French revolution. Twenty of the cartoons were completed when, in 1853, the Pantheon was restored to the service of re- ligion as the church of Ste. Genevieve. Three of them attracted much attention at the exhi- bition of 1853. He received the decoration of the legion of honor in 1853, and a medal of the first class at the universal exposition in 1855. CHENDAREE, Chandairi, or Chunderee, a town and district of Malwa, in the territory of Gwalior, Hindostan, situated near the fron- tier of Bundelcund, 115 m. S. of Gwalior, and 280 m. S. S. E. of Delhi. The town is large, surrounded by hills and jungles, with which a few fertile tracts are interspersed. Its manufacturing importance, once consid- erable, has been destroyed by British impor- tations, and its architectural beauty is in ruins ; but even in its present decayed state it has many indications of ancient greatness. It has a strong fort, situated on a precipitous hill, connected with another hill by a narrow neck of land having a steep descent on each side. While Malwa remained an independent kingdom, Chendaree was the seat of powerful feudatory chieftains, one of whom, having re- volted against the king, Mahmoud Khilji, was besieged in his capital for eight months. The town afterward became subject to the sov- ereign of Delhi, from whom it was taken by the Rajpoots about 1526. Two years later it was seized by the Mogul chief Baber. It was annexed to Bundelcund, was taken about 1816 by Sindia's general Baptiste, passed into the hands of the Mahrattas, and became a haunt of robbers and freebooters. It was then taken under British protection, and finally in 1844 was assigned, with other lands, for the support of the force known as the Gwalior contingent. It was occupied by the sepoy rebels early in 1858. The first brigade of the central India field force was sent against it in March, and the fort was taken on the 17th. The fortifications were destroyed, but a month or two later the rebels again entered the town, to the number, it is sup- posed, of about 5,000, mostly from Bundelcund. They were driven out by Gen. Smith, May 25. CHENEVIX, Richard, an Irish author and chemist, of French descent, born in 1774, died in Paris in April, 1830. Among his publica- tions are " The Mantuan Rivals," a comedy, " Henry VII.," a historical tragedy, and an "Essay on National Character." He is chiefly known, however, as a writer on chemistry. His most important works are " Remarks on Chemical Nomenclature according to the Sys- tem of the French Neologists" (1802), and " Observations on Mineralogical Systems," which first appeared in a French translation in the Annales de Chimie. ( IIKVU'K. I. Louis dc, a French historian, born at Montfort, Languedoc, in 1723, died in Paris, May 25, 1796. Established as a merchant at Constantinople, he was afterward employed there in the French embassy, and subsequently sent on a mission to Morocco, where he was suc- cessively consul general and charge d'affaires. He published Recherches historiques sur lea Maures et V empire de Maroc (Paris, 1787), and Histoire des revolutions de V Empire Ottoman jusqu^d la mort du sultan Abdul-Hamed (new ed., 1808). II. indre Marie dc, a French poet, son of the preceding, born in Constantinople, Oct. 29, 1762, guillotined in Paris, July 25, 1794. After completing his education, he entered the military service, but soon resigned his com- mission and repaired to Paris. In 1784 he travelled through Switzerland, Italy, and the archipelago, to his native city. In 1787 he was made secretary to the French embassy in Lon- don, and spent nearly three years in England. On returning to Paris he joined the moderate party, and expressed his disapprobation of the violent measures of the revolutionists, not only in his conversation, but in several articles marked by cutting irony and invective. The revolution of Aug. 10 closed for a time his po- litical career, and he applied himself again to poetry. But when Louis XVI. was arraigned before the convention, Che'nier assisted Males- herbes in his defence of the king, and on his condemnation he drew up an address for an appeal to the people. On the assassination of Marat by Charlotte Corday, he was among