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 CHELMSFORD CHELSEA 355 successful in Paris ; but Chelard having added an act, and produced a German version, it was favorably received in Munich in 1828, and the king of Bavaria appointed him chapelmas- ter. Having returned to Paris to meet with new failures, he went back to Munich in 1830, and thence to London as leader of the German opera (1832-'3). In 1836 he went to Weimar as chapelmaster. Here in 1848 he was thrown into the shade by Liszt. Having been pen- sioned in 1852, he made in 1854 a not very successful attempt in Paris, and soon after- ward he went back to Weimar. His produc- tions were much more popular in Germany than in France. His best opera is the Herr- mannsschlacht, first produced in 1835. CHELMSFORD, Frederick Thesiger, baron, an English lawyer, born in London in July, 1794. His father was a collector of customs in the island of St. Vincent. In 1803 he entered the navy, and served as midshipman during the bombardment of Copenhagen in 1807; but his father's West India estate having been destroyed by a volcanic eruption, he retired from the naval service to study law. He was called to the bar in 1818, became one of the most brilliant leaders of the home circuit, and in 1834 king's councillor. He was returned to parliament in March, 1840, in the conservative interest. He was solicitor general in 1844-'5, attorney general 1845-'6, and again in 1852, and lord chancellor from February, 1858, to June, 1859, and from June, 1866, to February, 1868. In 1858 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Chelmsford, and he is one of the leaders of the conservative party in the house of lords. He married a niece of Major Pierson, who fell at Jersey in 1781. His elder son, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, born in 1827, distinguished himself in the Crimea, India, and Abyssinia, and was appoint- ed in 1868 aide-de-camp to the queen and adju- tant general to the forces in India. CHELSEA, a city of Suffolk co., Massachusetts, separated from Charlestown on the S. W. by Mystic river, which is crossed by Chelsea bridge, 3,300 ft. long. It is connected with Boston by the Eastern railroad, and also by horse railroad by way of Charlestown and Chelsea bridge. Winnisimmet ferry, the most ancient in the United States, dating from 1631, runs from the foot of Winnisimmet street, Chelsea, to the foot of Hanover street, Boston, a distance of about 1 m. The Grand Junction railroad also passes through the city. Chelsea beach, in Eevere, an adjoining town, about 5 m. from Boston, is about 3 m. long, and is much resorted to in summer. The growth of Chelsea has been steady since 1830. In that year the population was 770 ; in 1840, 2,390 ; 1850, 6,701 ; 1860, 13,395 ; 1865, 14,403 ; 1870, 18,547. The principal public buildings are the city hall, the naval hospital, connected with the navy yard at Charlestown, the marine hospital, the academy of music, the masonic and odd fellows' halls, and Winnisimmet hall. The city is included in the Boston customs dis- trict, and most of its inhabitants do business in that city ; but there is some manufacturing, the principal establishments being a woollen mill, a brass foundery, an iron foundery and machine shop, an establishment for casting furnaces, ranges, and stoves, one manufactory each of linseed oil, table salt, fire brick, rub- ber goods, boot and shoe stiffenings, brooms, chairs, carriages, chewing gum, marble work, washing machines, mattresses, and paper boxes, three each of oil and varnishes, soap, bricks, varnishes and japan, and worsted goods, and one brewery. There is a national bank, with a capital of $300,000, and a savings bank, with deposits in 1871 amounting to $590,736. In 1872 the valuation of property was $16,- 707,343 ; total taxation, $277,055 48 ; city debt, $1,262,700, of which $1,057,800 was funded. In 1871 there were 3,092 houses in the city. Chelsea is divided into four wards. The government is vested in a mayor, a board of aldermen consisting of two from each ward, and a common council of 19 members. The police duty is performed by a city marshal and 19 assistant marshals, and there is a police court. The fire department is under the charge of a chief engineer and two assistant engineers, and has two steam engines, a hook and ladder company, and three hose com- panies. The Chelsea water works are under the charge of three commissioners. The water is brought from the Mystic water works in Charlestown, and was first introduced hi 1867. The principal charitable institutions are the Winnisimmet benevolent society and the ladies' union relief society. In 1872 the city appro- priated $4,896 28 for the support of the poor. The school committee, consisting of two mem- bers from each ward, has under its control a high school and 3 grammar and 12 primary schools. In 1871 there were 4 male and 58 female teachers, and an average attendance of 2,800 pupils. The free public library, which was opened Jan. 1, 1870, contains about 6,000 volumes. There are also two circulating libra- ries and a weekly newspaper. There 13 re- ligious societies, viz. : 2 Baptist, 2 Congrega- tional, 1 Episcopal, 2 Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, 1 Unitarian, 1 Universalist, 1 Second Advent, 1 Spiritualist, and 1 Christian band. Chelsea was settled in 1630, and was called Winnisimmet. It was a part of Boston till 1738, when with two other places it was or- ganized as the town of Chelsea. It was in- corporated as a city in 1857. CHELSEA, a parish and parliamentary borough of England, on the left bank of the Thames, formerly a village about 2 m. from London, but now a portion of its suburbs, belonging to the county of Middlesex, and constituting a part of the hundred of Ossulston ; pop. of Chelsea district in 1871, 71,086, and of the borough, 258,011. It derives interest from the celebra- ted military asylum for invalid soldiers known as Chelsea hospital, erected here by Sir Chris-