Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/346

 338 CHATILLON-SUR-SEINE CHATTAHOOCHEE lowish white, with black irregular patches along the back, becoming lighter toward the sides; the tail is partially ringed with black. Though very gentle and almost domestic in captivity, it is very destructive in its native woods to small quadrupeds and birds; it prowls about hen roosts, and is one of the farmer's worst enemies. It sleeps or hides by day, and comes out at night; it is so active that no fence can keep it out, and so little that it can enter a very small aperture; it is also extremely wary and silent in its movements. Its native name is chibigauzu. < lit I IN.ovsl U-sKIMO, a town of France, in the department of Cote d'Or, on the railway from Paris to Muhlhausen, 110 m. S. E. of Paris; pop. in 1866, 4,860. The Seine divides it into two parts, one of which is called Bourg and the other Chaumont. Formerly they were both enclosed by separate walls and ditches and defended by a castle, which still remains in the quartier de Chau- mont. An active trade is carried on in the pro- ducts of the country, and the industrial establish- _^- -^^^--.jp-yr -'-> ments comprise manu- factories of cloth, serge, hats, and woollen and cotton yarns, tan yards, bark and fulling mills, and important iron works. Marshal Marmont was born here, and built on the spot a fine chateau. In the 12th century the town was an important military station, and the residence of the early dukes of Burgundy. Previous to the first rev- olution it was the capi- tal of the Pays de la Mon- tagne, which formed part of the government of Burgundy. In February, 1814, a conference was held here between the representatives of Napoleon and the allied sov- ereigns. On Nov. 19, 1870, Ricciotti Gari- baldi surprised here a detachment of the 14th German army corps, which suffered severe loss, and was forced to fall back upon Chateauvil- lain. The town contains remarkable antiquities. CHlTRE, La, a town of France, in the depart- ment of Indre, 20 m. 8. E. of Chateauroux; pop. in 1866, 5,167. It is pleasantly situated on the left bank of the river Indre, and con- tains a primary tribunal and a communal col- lege. The castle which defended it is now in ruins, but one of its towers is used as a prison. CHATSWORTH, a celebrated estate in the parish of Edensor, Derbyshire, England. A branch of the London and Northwestern rail- way leads from Manchester to Whaley bridge, and a coach from the latter place to Chats- worth. The place may also be reached by an omnibus from Rowsley, the terminus of a branch of the Midland railway, which leaves from Ambergate. Chatsworth was among the domains given by William the Conqueror to William Peveril, his natural son. In the reijrn of Elizabeth it was purchased by Sir William Cavendish, who began to build a mansion here, which after his death was completed by his widow, the countess of Shrewsbury. The present building was nearly completed by the first duke of Devonshire, 1688-1706; a new wing was built by the sixth duke (died 1858), who greatly added to the beauty of the estab- lishment. Chatsworth gardens are among the most famous in England. The grand conser- vatory is 300 ft. long, 145 ft. broad, and 65 ft. high, comprising an area of about an acre, with a carriage road in the centre. The great glass house of the Victoria regia lily was erected under the direction of Sir Joseph Paxton, tha designer of the London crystal palace. The park is about 9 m. in circumference, and diver- Chstsworth. sifted with hill and dale. South and south- west of the mansion are remarkable water works. The mansion, about 180 ft. square, is built around an open quadrangular court. The terraces in front are 1,200 ft. long. The state rooms, 190 ft. long, are full of paintings, carv- ings, and tapestries; the south galleries con- tain more than 1,000 drawings by foreign mas- ters, and cabinet pictures. The principal works of art are sculptures by Thorwaldsen, Canova, Chantrey, and Westmacott, and paintings by Ti- tian, Rembrandt, Murillo, and Landseer. Chats- worth house was for 13 years the prison of Mary Stuart. Hobbes also spent some time here. A " Handbook of Chatsworth and Ilard- wick " was published in 1846, by the then duke of Devonshire. CHATTAHOOCHEE, a river of Georgia, which rises near the N. E. corner of the state, flows S. W. to West Point, thence nearly S., forming the boundary between the lower half of that state and Alabama, and unites with the Flint