Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/344

 336 CIlATELET CHATHAM provost down to the ushers and policemen, I 1,207 officers, besides a large number of lawyers who transacted business there, and the military forces of the Chatelet, which consisted of two companies of soldiers, part of whom were at the same time employed as ushers. The Petit Chatelet was situated on the loft bank of the Seine, on the site of the present place du Petit Pont; swept away by an inundation in 1296, it was rebuilt in 1369, and demolished in 1782. Originally it was one of the gates of Paris, where tolls and excise duties were levied. The chatelets at Orleans and Montpellier were, like those of Paris, the seats of judicial bodies. CHlTELET, Madame do. Bee Du CHATELET. CHlTELLERAlLT, a town of France, in the department of Vienne, on the right bank of the Vienne, and on the railway from Paris to Bordeaux, 18 m. N. N. E. of Poitiers ; pop. in 1866, 14,278. It is one of the great centres of the manufacture of cutlery in France, which gives employment to about 600 families. There is also a national manufactory of side arms, established in 1820. There are important iron works, manufactories of jewelry, laces, and hardware. An active trade is carried on in the product of the country, and in lithographic stones obtained from the neighboring quarries. A fine stone bridge, constructed by order of Sully, and called by him Pont Henri IV., con- nects the town with the suburbs on the left bank of the Vienne. At the E. end of the bridge is a huge castle, flanked with four mas- sive towers, with a lofty arch in the centre of the building, under which the high road enters the town. CHATHAM. I. A central county of North Carolina, drained by Kocky and New Hope rivers, and traversed by the Haw and the Deep, which unite in the S. E. part to form the Cape Fear; area, 700 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 19,723, of whom 6,830 were colored. The surface is diversified, and the soil fertile and clayey. There are extensive beds of coal in the vicinity of Deep river, which is navigable as far as the mines. The Chatham railroad traverses the county, and there is a railroad from Fayetteville to the coal fields. The chief productions in 1870 were 156,763 bushels of wheat, 304,881 of Indian corn, 124,682 of oats, 43,677 of sweet potatoes, 252,346 Ibs. of butter, and 62,210 of tobacco. There were 2,561 horses, 1,470 mules and asses, 5,410 milch cows, 6,356 other cattle, 15,531 sheep, and 31,333 swine. There were 1 mining company, 1 foundery and machine shop, 1 iron manufacturing company, and 13 flour mills. Capital, Pittsboro. II. A S. E. county of Georgia, bordering on the sea, bounded S. W. by the Ogeechee river, and N. E. by the Savannah, which separates it from South Carolina ; area, 358 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 41,297, of whom 24,518 were colored. The sur- face is level, and partly occupied by swamps. Near the rivers the soil is fertile and productive ; in other parts it is barren and sandy. It is the most populous county of the state. The Georgia Central, the Atlantic and Gulf, and the Savannah and Charleston railroads traverse it. The chief productions in 1870 were 55,220 bushels of corn, 49,680 of sweet potatoes, 63 bales of cotton, 6,300 gallons of wine, and 8,- 808,064 Ibs. of rice. There were 312 horses, 681 mules and asses, 908 milch cows, 723 other cattle, and 1,917 swine. There were 6 manufactories of brick, 2 of cars, 1 of gas, 5 of machinery, 5 printing establishments, 4 saw mills, 4 flour mills, 7 manufactories of carriages and wagons, 1 of fertilizers, 2 of iron castings, and 1 of mar- ble and stone work. Capital, Savannah. CHATHAM, the chief town of Kent co., On- tario, Canada, 176 m. S. W. of Toronto, and 47 m. E. of Detroit, Mich., situated on the river- Thames, which enters Lake St. Clair about 18 m. to the west, and is navigable for small ves- sels; pop. in 1871, 5,873. The Great Western railway passes through the town, and there is steamboat communication with Detroit. Chat- ham is surrounded by a fine agricultural country, and has a large trade in agricultural produce. Oak and walnut timber and staves are exported in large quantities. In 1871, 199 Canadian steam vessels of 2,245 tons, and 57 sailing vessels of 6,871 tons, entered ; also 21 United States steamers, of 2,850 tons, and 121 sailing vessels of 8,980 tons. Many fine sailing vessels have been built here. The town has agencies of the bank of Upper Canada and the Government bank. CHATHAM, a town of Barnstable co., Mass., forming the S. E. extremity of Cape Cod, about 75 m. 8. E. of Boston, and 5 m. from the Cape Cod railroad; pop. in 1870, 2,411. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the mer- chant marine and in fishing; 80 or 40 vessels are annually employed in the cod and mackerel fishery, and 15 or 20 in the coasting trade. There are 4 churches, 1 high school, 12 gram- mar and primary schools, 5 post offices, and a weekly newspaper. The Chatham lights are on James's Head, at the S. E. extremity of Ihe town, in lat. 41 40' 20" N., Ion. 69 57' 12" W. They are two in number, fixed, and 70 ft. above the sea. There is also a lighthouse show- ing a fixed light, known as Monomoy light, on Cape Malabar, a narrow sandy beach ex- tending S. into the sea some 10 m. from the main body of the town. CHATHAM, a town of New Brunswick, Cana- da, in Northumberland co., on the right bank of the Miramichi river, near its mouth in Mi- ramichi bay; pop. in 1871, 4,203. It has a Roman Catholic cathedral, college, and hos- pital, a masonic and a temperance hall, and is lighted with gas. The north shore and the Quebec and gulf port steamers call weekly. The town is to be connected with the Interna- tional railway. It is a port of entry, whence large quantities of lumber and fish are export- ed. In 1871 the arrivals were 174 British vessels of 39,390 tons; foreign, 54, of 25,803 tons; and the total departures were 210, of 57,966 tons.