Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/329

 CHAKLOTTE HARBOR CHARON 321 CHARLOTTE HARBOR, or Bora Grande, an in- let on the W. coast of Florida, in Manatee co., about 25 m. long, and from 8 to 10 m. wide, but only 10 or 12 ft. deep. Its entrance, which lies between Boca Grande key and Gasperilla bay, is three quarters of a mile wide and 6 fathoms deep. This harbor is sheltered from the sea by islands, and produces fine oysters and a great variety of fish and wild fowl. CHARLOTTENBURG, a town of Prussia, in the province of Brandenburg, on the left bank of the Spree, connected with Berlin by a fine promenade 4 m. long, which is lighted at night; pop. in 1871, 19,518. The place takes its name from Sophia Charlotte, the queen of Frederick I., who shortly before her death in 1705 caused a palace to be built there. The park, which is always open to the public, con- tains Rauch's recumbent statue of the queen, one of the finest works of modern art. Fred- erick the Great added a new chateau, and en- dowed it with a valuable gallery of art, which, especially the part which contained the paint- ings, was injured during the occupation of the Koyal Palace, Charlottenburg. place by the Austrians and Russians in 1760. There are fine gardens -connected with the palace. The town is a favorite resort and summer residence of the Berlinese. CHARLOTTESVILLE, a town of Virginia, cap- ital of Albemarle co., on Moore's creek, 2 m. above its entrance into Rivanna river, and 65 m. N. W. of Richmond ; pop. in 1870, 2,838, of whom 1,473 were colored. It is on the Or- ange, Alexandria, and Manassas, and the Ches- apeake and Ohio railroads. It is the seat of the university of Virginia, an institution plan- ned by Thomas Jefferson, founded in 1819, and whose buildings were erected at an expense of over $200,000. (See VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF.) A tri-weekly and two weekly newspapers are published here. CHARLOTTETOWN, the capital of Prince Ed- ward Island, in Queen's co., on the N. side of East river and on the strait of Cumberland, 42 m. N. W. of Pictou, Nova Scotia ; pop. in 1871, 8,807. The site, looking toward the south, rises gently from the water. The harbor is good. The colonial building is of Nova Scotia freestone. Among the other principal buildings are the post office, court house, market, athenaeum, public hall, and normal school ; the Prince of Wales, St. Dunstan, and Methodist colleges ; a convent, lunatic asylum, government house, exchange, and jail. The town is lighted with gas. Here is an office of the New York, Newfoundland, and London telegraph company. Tri-weekly steamers ply during the season of navigation to Shediac and Pictou, and weekly to Georgetown, Port Sel- kirk, Crapaud, Mount Stewart, Port Hope, and Hawkesbury ; a ferry steamer crosses the East river to Southport every hour. Com- munication with New Brunswick is made in winter by a small boat from Cape Traverse to Cape Tormentine, 9 in. distant. Large exports of all kinds of grain except wheat are made, to which are added potatoes, fish, and pork. CHARLTON, a S. E. county of Georgia, bound- ed N. E. by the Satilla river, and separated from Florida on the S. E., S., and S. W. by St. Mary's river; area, 1,000 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 1,897, of whom 401 were colored. Okefenoke swamp occupies the W. part. The surface is level and sandy. Tar and turpentine are man- ufactured. The chief productions in 1870 were 23,250 bushels of Indian corn, 3,474 of oats, 18,008 of sweet potatoes, 16,110 Ibs. of rice, and 118 bales of cotton. There were 228 horses, 2,044 milch cows, 4,737 other cattle, and 6,075 swine. Capital, Trader's Hill. CHAR9IA, Antoine, a French philosopher, born at La Charit6, department of Nitivre, Jan. 15, 1801, died in Caen, Aug. 5, 1869. At the rec- ommendation of his friend Victor Cousin, he was appointed about 1831 to the chair of phi- losophy at the faculty of Caen, which, despite charges of infidelity brought against him by Montalembert, he held till his death. His principal works are : Essai sur les bases et les developpements de la moralite humaine (1834) ; Lepons de philosophic sociale et de logique (2 vols., 1838-'40) ; Essai sur la philosophic orientale (1842) ; and Du Sommeil(1851). CHARON, in Greek mythology, son of Erebus and Night, the ferryman who transported the souls of the dead over the river Acheron to the infernal regions. The fee exacted for this ser- vice from each spirit ferried over by him was never less than one obolus, nor more than three ; and to provide for this fee small coins were placed in the mouth of the dead. The spirits of those whose bodies had not been buried were not permitted to enter Charon's boat without having previously wandered on the shore for a century ; nor could any living person be admitted into it till he had shown its master a golden branch, the gift of the Cumaaan sibyl. The ferryman was once im- prisoned for a whole year for having conveyed Hercules across in violation of this rule, even though he had been compelled by the hero to do so. Charon is generally represented as a robust old man of stern countenance, his eyes glowing like flame, his hair white and bushy,