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 OHABOT CHACO over by giving him his sister Leopoldine in marriage, with a dowry of $40,000. Chabot became implicated in various suspicious opera- tions, and was guillotined. CHABOT, Philippe de, a French general, born toward the end of the 15th century, died June 1, 1543. Descended from an ancient family of Poitou, he was brought up with Francis I. He bravely defended Marseilles hi 1524, and was made prisoner at Pavia in 1525. Ap- pointed admiral immediately after his release, h.e was sent to Italy in 1529 to negotiate the ratification of the treaty of Oambrai by Charles V. Made commander-in-chief of the forces in Savoy in 1535, he effected the conquest of part of that country and of Piedmont, but was censured for not following up his victory. On his -return to France charges of frauds upon the national treasury were brought against him by the constable de Montmorency. Found guilty and imprisoned, he was soon afterward pardoned by the king at the solicitation of the duchess d'Etampes, and reinstated hi his position after the disgrace of Montmorency. He is said to have been the first to suggest the project of colonizing Canada. A collec- tion of his letters written in 1525 is hi the national library of Paris. A monument, ded- icated to huii by his son L6onor, is now in the Louvre. CHABRIAS, an Athenian general, killed in the harbor of Chios in 357 B. C. In 392 he suc- ceeded Iphicrates in the command of the Athenian forces before Corinth, was after- ward sent to chastise the ^Eginetans for depre- dations on the coast of Attica, and assisted Evagoras in Cyprus, and Acoris hi Egypt, against the Persians. In 378 he commanded the army which the Athenians sent to the aid of Thebes against the Lacedaemonians, under Agesilaus, on which occasion he saved his troops from impending defeat by commanding them to await the attack of the enemy with pointed spear and shield, resting on one knee. A statue of him hi this position was erected to iis honor in Athens. In 376 he won an im- portant victory over the Lacedaemonian fleet off Naxos. A few years later he went on his own account to Egypt, where he commanded the naval forces of Tachos, then in rebellion against the Persians, whose cause, however, after the desertion of the Spartans, he gave up as hope- less. After his return to Athens, he took part in the expedition against Thrace at the out- break of the social war. At the siege of Chios his vessel was the first to enter the harbor, but becoming isolated and disabled was soon aban- doned ; he alone refused to save his Me, and fell fighting. He was the last of the great Athenian generals. Demosthenes said of him that he conquered 17 cities, took 70 vessels, made 3,000 prisoners, and enriched the treasury of Athens with 110 talents. One of his apoph- thegms was that an army of stags led by a lion is superior to an army of lions led by a stag. His life was written by Cornelius Nepos. 169 VOL. iv. 15 CHABRILLAN, Celeste Venard, countess de, a French author, born in Paris, Dec. 27, 1824. Driven from her home by the brutality of her stepfather and the ill treatment of her mother, she became an actress and a circus rider, and was disreputably noted under the name of Mogador. In 1854 she published Adieux au monde, memoires de Celeste Mogador (5 vols.), which was suppressed, as well as the second edi- tion (4 vols., 1858). She married in 1853 the count Lionel de Chabrillan, who became consul at Melbourne. After his death (Dec. 29, 1858) she returned to Paris, and was an actress and manager of the Folies Marigny theatre (1862- '4), where some of her plays were performed. She has written several novels, including Me- moires d'une honnete fille (1865). CHABROL DE CROUZOL, Andre Jean, count, a French statesman, born at Riom, Nov. 16, 1771, died at Chabannes, Aug. 7, 1836. He took orders, and during the French revolution was imprisoned for refusing to preach in favor of the secularization of the clergy. He was set free hi 1795, entered political life, and after holding several minor offices was made hi 1812 intendant general in the Illyrian provinces. Returning to Paris in 1814, he was appointed councillor of state by Louis XVIII., and hi November made prefect of the department of the Rh6ne, taking up his residence at Lyons. In 1816 he was led into measures of arbitrary severity by the supposed discovery of a con- spiracy in the city; and he was recalled by the government, but soon after received the office of under secretary in the ministry of the interior. In 1820 he was elected a deputy from Puy-de-D6me, and in January, 1821, he was made director of registry and public lands. In 1824 he became a peer of France and was made minister of marine, distinguishing his ad- ministration of the office by many useful re- forms. He was minister of finance in the cabi- net of Polignac hi 1829, and retired from politi- cal life in May, 1830. CHACHAPOYAS (sometimes called SAN JUAN DE LA FKONTKBA), an inland town of Peru, capital of a province of the same name and of the de- partment of Amazonas, 410 m. N. of Lima; lat. 6 18' S., Ion. 77 25' W.; pop. about 6,000. It is situated on the banks of a river of the same name, a tributary of the Marafion, which waters the province. The surrounding districts produce tobacco and cotton, fruits, the European cereals, vegetables, &c., in abun- dance ; cattle are raised in great numbers ; and the people are chiefly occupied hi agriculture, and the manufacture of leather, trunks, chairs, cigar cases, &c. CHACO, El Gran (the Great Chaco), a vast and for the most part unexplored region of South America, extending along the centre of the con- tinent from the left bank of the Rio Salado N. to about lat. 20 S., where it is lost in the Chi- quito plains hi Bolivia; and from the banks of the Paraguay W. to the E. limits of the mountain region of the Argentine Republic.