Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/206

 198 CENSUS Jarvis, however, after a most thorough and in- telligent examination of the subject, reaches the conclusion that little children were incom- pletely reported by the ninth census. The mortality statistics are presented by states, and exhibit the various causes of death, and the specified occupations of those having died, with distinction of race, color, sex, and age. The classification of age exhibits the number having died under one year of age, by years up to 6, by quinquennial periods from 5 to 95, and those of 95 and over. The causes of death are dis- tributed into the general classes of unknown, general diseases, local diseases, conditions not necessarily associated with general or local diseases, poisons, parasites, malformations, and accidents and injuries. The proportion of deaths by selected diseases to the total num- ber of deaths, and also to the number of per- sons living, is given for each state and terri- tory. The scientific direction of the compila- tion of the tables of mortality was assumed by the surgeon general of the army, and the compilation, in respect to the classification of diseases, and to the periods of time and the sections of territory to be separately pre- sented, was conducted under the supervision of Assistant Surgeon J. J. Woodward, U. S. A. The schools are classified as public, classi- cal, professional, technical, and all other, with the kinds and numbers in each class, together with the teachers and pupils of each sex in each kind, and the school income, distributed into three sources. The statistics of libraries show the total number of all classes, with the number of volumes in each, distinguishing the private from those other than private, the lat- ter being classified as United States, state, and territorial, town, city, &c., court and law, school, college, &c., Sunday school, church, historical, literary, and scientific societies, chari- table and penul institutions, benevolent and secret associations, and circulating libraries. Newspapers and periodicals are classified by the various periods of issue, with the number, circulation, and copies annually issued in each class, distinguishing those devoted to adverti- sing, agriculture and horticulture, benevolent and secret societies, commercial and financial, illustrated, literary, and miscellaneous, devoted to nationality, political and religious, sporting, technical, and professional. The number of church organizations, edifices, and sittings, and value of property are given for each denomi- nation. In the tables of wealth, taxation, and public debt are exhibited the assessed and true value of real and personal estate; taxation, classified as state, county, town, city, &c. ; and public debt, with the same classification, and the bonded distinguished from all others. Many new and valuable features have been in- troduced into the agricultural schedules, the most important of which is that shoving the total value of farm productions, which re- moves the difficulty that statisticians have ex- perienced in approximating to a correct total valuation of the agricultural production of the country. The general statistics of agriculture present by states, territories, and counties the number, size, and value of farms, with the value of farming implements ; the acres of im- proved and unimproved land ; the amount of wages paid during the year ; the value of or- chard, garden, and forest products respectively, of home manufactures, and of animals slaugh- tered or sold for slaughter ; the total value of all live stock, with an enumeration of the kinds ; the crops produced, spring and winter wheat being distinguished, dairy products, wax and honey, and sugar and molasses, classified as cane, sorghum, and maple. Selected statis- tics of agriculture are given for townships where the value of all productions equals or exceeds $100,000. The statistics illustrating the various manufacturing resources of the country are of exceptional value and interest. The steam and water power of the country employed in manu- factures is reported for the first time, as no sta- tistics of this kind had ever been prepared in the United States, except a report for Rhode Island and one for the city of Philadelphia. So also are presented for the first time the number of male and female adults employed, as dis- tinguished from the children and youth, who are likewise enumerated. The general statis- tics of manufactures indicate the total number of establishments devoted to each industry; the number and horse power of steam engines and water wheels; the number of hands employed, classified as males above 16, fe- males above 15, and youth ; the amount of capital invested, and the annual wages paid, together with the value of materials and pro- ducts. Special statistics exhibit, with a de- gree of minuteness not before attained, extend- ed information concerning selected industries. Thus, in the tables of cotton manufactures, in addition to the general results mentioned above, and the number and kinds of machines employ- ed, six columns are devoted to the classification of materials, and 20 to products ; while in the report of 1860 the classification of materials was limited to two columns, and that of pro- ducts to four. The statistics of mining show the extent and condition of the leading indus- tries in the United States, and in each state and county; and similar statistics relating to fish- eries are presented. Most of the above men- tioned statistics are presented for states, terri- tories, and counties, but not for civil divisions less than counties, with the exception of the population tables. But the census report in- cludes tables for 50 principal cities having a population of more than 26,000, showing the area, families and dwellings, with the average number of persons to each, also the number of persons in each class of occupations, with age and sex, and selected nativities. It also contains historical notes respecting the area and politi- cal organization of the United States, and its geographical divisions, with descriptions of parcels of territory into which the territory of