Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume IV.djvu/135

 CATTARO CATTI 127 Olean. The county is also traversed by the Bradford branch of the Erie and by the Atlan- tic and Great Western railroads. The chief productions in 1870 were 84,926 bushels of wheat, 160,602 of Indian corn, 783,387 of oats, 340,803 of potatoes, 144,919 tons of hay, 889,- 132 Ibs. of cheese, 2,700,265 of butter, 110,063 of wool, 458,723 of maple sugar, and 35,121 of hops. There were 10,687 horses, 44,463 milch cows, 18,583 other cattle, 26,739 sheep, and 10,738 swine. There were 44 cheese factories, 15 tanneries, 8 currying establishments, 76 saw mills, 8 manufactories of agricultural imple- ments, 11 of cheese boxes, 38 of carriages and wagons, 12 of furniture, 6 of iron castings, 18 of saddlery and harness, 7 of sashes, doors, and blinds, 14 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 2 of woollen goods, and 13 grist mills. Capital, Little Valley. CATTARO (Slavic, Kotor), a town of Dalmatia, Austria, capital of a circle of its name, at the foot of the Montenegro mountains, at the S. E. extremity of the gulf of Oattaro, 337 m. S. E. of Trieste, and 43 m. N". W. of Scutari, Albania ; lat. 42 25' K, Ion. 18 46' E. ; pop. about 3,000; of the circle, 36,000. The town was almost entirely destroyed by the earthquakes of 1563 and 1667. The streets are narrow, but the town is fortified by a castle on a cliff in the vicinity, and the port was made a naval depot in August, 1854. The harbor, al- though one of the best in the Adriatic, is little frequented by shipping; but it has a fair share in the commerce of Dalmatia. The trade of Oattaro is carried on by tribes : the Dobrotas, who trade with Trieste, the Perastros, with Ven- ice, and several others. The principal articles of trade are wine, oil, figs, wool, silk, honey, wax, tallow, smoked meat, dried fish, butter, eggs, cheese, and charcoal. Outside the E. gate of the town is the bazaar, which is sup- plied with provisions by the Montenegrins. The principal buildings are the cathedral, a col- legiate church, numerous other Koman Catholic churches, 2 Greek churches, 6 convents, a hos- pital, a gymnasium, and the residences of the governor and the bishop. The popular language is the Slavic dialect of Herzegovina, but Italian is the language of the educated classes, and used in the transaction of public affairs. The major- ity of the population of the town and circle con- sists of descendants of the Slavs who invaded the country in the 7th century ; the rest of Italians, Bosnian Greeks, Serb Morlaks, Jews, Greeks, and gypsies. The Roman Catholic is the estab- lished religion, but about a quarter of the popu- lation profess the Greek faith. In the middle ages Cattaro was the capital of a prosperous re- public. In 1420 it submitted to the Venetians ; in 1797 it was annexed to Austria; in 1805, by the treaty of Presburg, it was incorporated into the French kingdom of Italy, but did not pass into the possession of the French till 1807, hav- ing been occupied by the Russians in the inter- val. Finally, in 1814 it reverted again to Aus- tria. In 1849 Cattaro organized an independent 163 VOL. IT. 9 government, but in January, 1850, was brought back under the sway of Austria. The circle of Cattaro was the seat of the Dalmatian in- surrection of 1869. The gulf of Cattaro, or Bocche di Cattaro, the Rhizonic gulf of an- tiquity, is a tortuous inlet of the Adriatic, 30 m. long, forming three basins connected by narrow straits, with an entrance from the sea only a mile and a half wide. It is sur- rounded by mountains, and is renowned for the beauty (jf its scenery. The fort of Castelnuovo defends the entrance. CATTEGAT, or Kattegat, a large strait lying be- tween Gothland in Sweden and Jutland, com- municating with the North sea through the Skager Rack on the north, and with the Baltic through the Sound and the Great and Little Belts on the south ; length 150 m. ; breadth in the central part about 90 m. It is difficult of navigation, being not only shallow toward the shores and irregular in depth, but obstructed by several sand banks, one of which lies in the middle of the channel. The chief islands are Laeso, Anholt, and Samso. CATTER9IOLE, George, an English artist, bom at Dickleburgh, Norfolk, in 1800, died in 1868. He is best known as a painter in water colors, although in his later years he worked chiefly in oil. Scenes from the feudal ages and the times of the English civil wars, which permitted* him a variety of 'ornamentation and warm coloring, were his favorite themes. His most celebrated pictures are " Luther before the Diet of Spire," "Raleigh witnessing the Death of Essex," and the "Skirmish on the Bridge." He painted innumerable interiors of church and castle, together with designs illustrative of Scott's novels, Shakespeare's plays, the times of the English cavaliers, &c. CATTI, or Chatti, an ancient German people, who according to Caesar lived beyond the Ubii, whose seat was about Cologne, and were divi- ded inland from the Cherusci by <a wood which he calls Bacenis. Tacitus states that their country lay between the Rhine and Danube, extending from the Black Forest on the south to what were called the Decumates Agri, a tract of land which paid tithe to the Romans, and lay along the latter river, to the northward. If both statements be accurate, their territory must have been very extensive, including Hesse- Cassel on the north and Baden on the south. Tacitus describes their character, habits, and manner of life as far less barbarous, so far at least as regards their military tactics, than those of the other German tribes. Their force lay in their infantry, whom, besides their arms, they loaded with tools and provisions. They did not allow their young men to cut their hair or trim their beards until they had slain an enemy ; and all youths of unusual strength and size were compelled to wear an iron ring until they should have gained the right to remove it by slaying a man in battle. They had no in- dividual property in land or houses, but held everything in common. The Romans gained