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 OATINAT DE LA FAUCONNERIE CATNIP 121 the following night to join the camp of Manlius, leaving the management of affairs at the capital to Lentulus and Cethegus. Cicero now ad- dressed the people in the forum, justifying his conduct ; the senate declared Catiline and Man- lius enemies of the republic, while legal evi- dence against the conspirators at Home was furnished by the communications of the am- bassadors of the Allobroges, who, being sent to Rome for the redress of grievances, were tempted by Lentulus to join the conspiracy, and to induce their nation to assist in it. Cice- ro, who received the information from their patron, persuaded them to feign an active par- ticipation, and to draw from Lentulus a list of the conspirators, as if by it to induce their countrymen to join in the enterprise. Lentulus and his friends fell into the snare. They were now brought before the senate, assembled in the temple of Concord (Dec. 4), and their guilt was proved. Having delivered his third oration before the people, Cicero on the next day again convoked the senate to deliberate on the pun- ishment of the traitors. The debate was ani- mated. Silanus, the consul elect, gave his opinion for the immediate death of all of them ; this was opposed by Julius Caesar, who was satis- fied with their arrest and the confiscation of their estates, and who indeed has been suspect- ed by historians of having been connected with the plot. Cicero gave no opinion, but painted in strong terms the dangers of the state. Cato, voting for death and for immediate efforts against the rebels in the field, made an appeal to the patriotism of the senate, and prevailed. A decree was passed, and Lentulus and his companions were strangled in the night in prison, in direct violation of Roman law. An army was sent against Catiline under the consul Antonius; but, unwilling to fight against his friend, he gave the command to his legate Petreius. They met near Fsesulaa. Catiline de- fended himself desperately, but in vain ; when the battle was lost he threw himself into the midst of his enemies, and fell fighting. Sal- lust's masterly life of Catiline is our chief au- thority for his history, but is too obviously the work of a partisan to be implicitly trusted. Catiline was the leader of the ultra democratic party, and the supporters of the optimates who overthrew him may be suspected of having exaggerated his faults and misrepresented his designs. CAT1NAT DE LA FAUCOMERIE, Nicolas de, a French general, born in Paris, Sept. 1, 1637, died Feb. 25, 1712. He entered the army as an ensign, and at the siege of Lille in 1667 so conducted himself as to attract the notice of Louis XIV. His subsequent exploits obtained for him in 1688 the rank of lieutenant general, and in 1693, after he had conquered the great- est part of Savoy, he received the marshal's staff. In 1701 he commanded the army in Italy against Prince Eugene; but failing to arrest the progress of the prince, Villeroi was appointed to his place. Catinat served under him, and in attacking the intrenchments at Chiari he was repulsed and wounded. He commanded in Germany for a short time, and spent the rest of his life at his estate of St. Gratien, near St. Denis. CATINEAU-LAROCHE, Pierre Marie Sebastlen, a French lexicographer, born at Saint-Brieuc, March 25, 1772, died May 22, 1828. He studied at Poitiers, and in 1791 emigrated to St. Domingo, where he published at Port-au- Prince a journal, L?ami de lapaix et de Vunion. He gave such offence to the colonists by his anti- slavery sentiments that he was prosecuted, and would have been sentenced to death by the local tribunals but for the interference of the agent of the home government. He went to Cape Haytien (then called Cap Francais), where he alone of 17 of his countrymen was saved from the massacre which broke out in that city. He then visited the United States and England, and on his return to Paris in 1797 established a printing office and composed several diction- aries. His printing office having been de- stroyed by fire, the government employed him, and in 1819 he was sent to study the climate and resources of Guiana. His notes on that country appeared in 1822. CATLI1Y, George, an American artist, born at Wilkesbarre, Penn., in 1796, died in Jersey City, K J., Dec. 23, 1872. He studied law in Connecticut, and practised there for two years. Afterward he devoted himself to painting in Philadelphia, without any previous instruction. Some Sioux Indians arriving on a delegation in the city, he was struck with their appearance, and determined to visit their homes. He started from St. Louis in 1832, in a steamer called the Yellowstone, being greatly assisted by Pierre Chouteau, one of the owners of the boat. After a passage of three months he reached the mouth of the Yellowstone river, where he was left. He visited during the next eight years about 48 tribes, numbering in the aggregate 400,000 souls, and collected much information concern- ing their habits and character. He returned to the east by the way of the Indian territory, Arkansas, and Florida, and after finishing his Indian portraits and scenes sailed for Europe in 1840. In 1841 he published in London " Il- lustrations of the Manners, Customs, and Con- dition of the North American Indians," con- taining 300 steel engravings (2 vols. 8vo) ; in 1844, a portfolio of hunting scenes in the west containing 25 plates; in 1848, notes of his eight years' travels in Europe with his col- lection of paintings ; in 1864, a curious volume called "The Breath of Life, or Shut your Mouth," showing the hygienic importance of exclusive breathing through the nostrils. After several visits to and long residence in Europe, exhibiting and endeavoring to sell his Indian gallery, he returned to the United States in 1871, where he remained until his death. CATMANDOO. See KATMANDU. CATNIP, or Catmint, the leaves of a perennial herbaceous plant, nepeta cataria, of the family