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 BONNE VILLE BONOMI 71 daughter of Marshal do Biron, but deserted her ten days after and returned to the army of Prince Eugene, distinguishing himself at Belgrade and obtaining an important command in Sardinia and Sicily (1719). Being concerned in a lampoon on the associates of Eugene, he was sent to his regiment at Brussels, where he soon got into trouble with the governor of the Netherlands and was sent to the citadel of Ant- werp. He made the matter worse by writing a letter to Prince Eugene which was construed as a challenge, and after trial he was sent be- yond the border on condition that he should never set his foot on German soil again. He went first to Venice and then to Bosnia, where he was arrested and held in custody 15 months. Fearing that he would he delivered up to the Austrian authorities, he turned Mussulman, was made a pasha under the name of Ahmed, and undertook to reorganize the Turkish army. His propensity for getting into trouble still at- tended him, and in 1738 he was exiled to Asia. He finally appealed to his friends to secure his safe return to France. The pope offered him an asylum at Rome, and the king of the Two Sicilies a pension. A galley was sent to assist him to escape, but he died before he could effect his purpose. Various memoirs and collections of anecdotes concerning his adventures were popular in the last century. BONNEYILLE, l.ni.jamiii I.. I'., an American soldier, born in France about 1795. He grad- uated at West Point in 1815, and in 1820 was employed in the construction of a military road through the state of Mississippi, and afterward on frontier duty till 1825. In 1831, receiving a furlough, he set out upon an exploring ex- pedition beyond the Rocky mountains, and not being heard of till 1836, his name was dropped from the army list. His journal, edited and amplified by Washington Irving, was published in 1837, under the title of "Adventures of Captain Bonneville, U. S. A., in the Rocky Mountains and the Far West." Restored to the army, he served in the Indian territory and in the Florida and Mexican wars, becoming major in 1845 and brevet lieutenant colonel in 1847. He became colonel in 1855, was assigned to the command of the department of New Mexico, and in 1857 commanded the Gila ex- pedition. In 1861 he was retired from active service for disability, and during the civil war served as superintendent of the recruiting ser- vice and chief disbursing officer in Missouri. In 1865 he was made brevet brigadier general. BONHViRD, Francois de, a writer and politi- cian of Geneva, born in France in 1496, died about 1571. Coming into possession of a rich priory near Geneva, he heartily espoused the cause of that republic against the designs of the duke of Savoy, and in 1530 was arrested by the agents of Savoy and imprisoned in the dungeons of the castle of Chillon. He was restored to liberty six years later, when Chillon fell into the hands of his countrymen. He was employed from 1546 to 1552 in writing the chronicles of Geneva, from the time of the Ro- mans to 1530. He was versed in Latin litera- ture, theology, and history, and left several works, which have remained in manuscript. He left a large collection of books to Geneva, from which has grown the public library of that city. The imprisonment of Bonnivard in the castle of Chillon forms the foundation of By- ron's poem "The Prisoner of Chillon." BONNY RIVER, one of the outlets of the Niger, at its delta on the coast of Guinea. Near its mouth is Bonnytown, which was once a place of great resort for slavers. Large quantities of palm oil are exported from this place. The country around the river is flat and swampy. The people are dirty and super- stitious, and large numbers of them die every year from dysentery and fever, owing to the unhealthy climate. BOMYCASTLE. I. John, an English mathe- matician, born at White Church, Buckingham- shire, died at Woolwich, May 15, 1821. He was for more than 40 years one of the mathe- matical masters at the royal military academy at Woolwich, and published introductions to arithmetic, algebra, astronomy, geometry, and trigonometry, an edition of Euclid's "Ele- ments," and a general history of mathematics from the French of Bossut. II. Charles, son of the preceding, born at Woolwich in 1792, died at Charlottesville, Va., in October, 1840. He assisted his father in preparing his mathemati- cal text books, wrote various articles for cyclo- paedias, and when the university of Virginia was founded was selected to occupy its chair of natural philosophy. He arrived in this country in 1825, was transferred to the profes- sorship of mathematics in 1827, and was the author of a treatise on " Inductive Geometry " and of several memoirs on scientific subjects. BONOMI. I. Giuseppe, an Italian architect, born in Rome in 1739, died in London, March 9, 1808. He went in 1767 to London, where he was em- ployed as a draftsman. In 1775 he married Rosa Florini, the cousin of his friend Angelica Kauffmann, and, excepting one year spent with the latter in Italy (1783-'4), he remained for the rest of his life in London, and in 1789 he was elected associate member of the royal academy. He was the architect of the chapel of the Spanish embassy, of Eastwell house, Kent, of the pyramidal mausoleum in Blick- ling park, Norfolk, and of other famous struc- tures; but his masterpiece was the duke of Argyll's country seat, Roseneath, Dumbarton- shire, which he did not live to finish. II. Joseph, an English archaeologist and author, son of the preceding, born in London in 1796. He studied under Sir Charles Bell, at the royal academy, and in Rome, and spent many years in Egypt and Syria. He was the first to point out the monument erected by Sesostris on the coast of Syria, as mentioned by Herodotus, and has written on Egyptian archaeology for various publications of learned societies. His works include " Nineveh and its Palaces : the Discov-