Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/701

 CANANORE CANARY BIRD 691 same name, 24 m. S. E. of Rochester; pop. of the township in 1870, 7,274; of the vil- lage, 4,862. The New York Central railroad ia here joined by the Canandaigua branch from Rochester to Elrnira, and by the Canandaigua, Black Rock, and Tonawanda railroad. From the upper part of the village the ground slopes gradually toward the shores of the lake, afford- ing a magnificent view. Many of the residen- ces are surrounded by fine gardens and grounds ornamented with great taste. There are sev- eral churches, a court house, academy, and two weekly newspapers. The lake is 15 m. long and from J to 1 j m. wide. CANANORE, or ( aiinra. a seaport town of Brit- ish India, in the province of Malabar, presiden- cy of Madras, situated on a small bay, in lat. 11 52' N., Ion. 76 26' E., 45 m. N. W. of Calicut ; pop., including a tract of land extend- ing 2 m. further inland, about 40,000. The fort is built on Cananore point, and ships may safely anchor in this vicinity in about five fath- oms of water, the approach to the harbor be- ing dangerous in other directions. The place is irregularly laid out, hut there are a number of good houses, especially the residences of the former local rulers. It is the principal military station in the province of Malabar ; the fort has been strengthened by the English, and there are barracks for three regiments. Cocoa- nuts are exported to Arabia, Sumatra, Bengal, and Surat, together with pepper, sandal wood, grain, shark fins, and coir cordage ; the im- ports are horses, piece goods, sugar, camphor, opium, silk, and benzoin. The town is of great antiquity. It was taken in 1501 by the Por- tuguese, who fortified it, but were expelled by the Dutch in 1064. The latter sold it to a native Mohammedan family, the head of which, under the title of beebee, possessed absolute sovereignty over it, with a small adjacent ter- ritory and the Laccadive islands, till 1791, when it became tributary to the English. CANARA, a district of British India, occupy- ing a narrow strip of the W. coast of Hindo- stan, between the summits of the Ghaut moun- tain range and the Arabian sea, bounded N. by Goa, E. by Bejapoor and Mysore, and S. by Malabar. Its extreme length from N. to S. is nearly 240 m. ; breadth from 18 to 80 m. ; area, 7,228 sq. m. ; pop. about 1,100,000. The na- tives call the district Tutawa, and the present designation was probably formed by Europeans from Carnata, the ancient name of a kingdom in the Deccan. A somewhat indefinite boun- dary running E. and W., about lat. 13 40' N., divides the district into two parts, North and South Cauara. The surface of both portions is mountainous in the eastern part, but in the western a plain stretches between the moun- tains and the sea. The chief products are cocoanuts, pepper, and sandal and teak wood. The inhabitants are generally followers of Brahmanism, but there are also many Jains and a few Mohammedans. Little is known of the early history of the district, but about the mid- dle of the 18th century it was conquered by Hyder Ali and incorporated in his dominions. It remained a part of the kingdom of Mysore until in 1799 it was added to the British con- quests in India. In North Canara the princi- pal cities are Condapoor, Batcull, Honahwar, Coomta, Mirjan, Unkola, and Sedashevagurh ; in South Canara are Mangalore, Buntwalla, Udapi, Barcur, Karkull, and Jamalabad. Man- galore is the chief town of the district, and through it a large part of the trade of the re- gion is carried on. CANAR1S, or Kanaris, Constantine, a Greek naval officer and statesman, born in the island of Ipsara about 1790. At the outbreak of the revolution of 1821 he was captain of a mer- chant vessel. Shortly after the devastation of the island of Scio by the Turks, he followed the fleet of the Greeks under Miaulis with two fire ships to the harbor of that island (June, 1822), and succeeded in attaching them to the vessels of the capndan pasha and capudan bey, of which the one, lighted up at the time in celebration of the Ramadan, was blown np with thousands of men, and the other scarcely escaped as a wreck. In November, 1822, he performed a similar exploit in the har- bor of Tenedos, which saved the Greek fleet from destruction. He revenged the Turkish cruelties on his native island by a new victory at Samos, near the promontory of Mycale, Aug. 17, 1824, which saved the island of Samos from the fate of Scio and Ipsara. But his bold attempt to burn the Turkish fleet in the har- bor of Alexandria, where it lay ready to take the troops of Mehemet Ali to the Morea, was baffled by contrary winds at the moment of execution (Aug. 4, 1825). He was placed in command of the frigate Hellas sent from America, was elected in 1827 representative of Ipsara in the national congress at Castri, and in 1828 was appointed commander of Mo- nemvasia, and subsequently of a naval squad- ron. After the assassination of Capo d'Istria, in 1831, he retired to Syra, but afterward reen- tered the navy with the rank of captain. Un- der King Otho he served from 1846 as ad- miral, senator, president of the council, and minister of marine, till 1855, when he resigned. In the spring of 1858, disgusted with the con- duct of the government, he sent back to it all his orders and commissions, resolved thence- forth to be only a private citizen. In 1861 he refused a pension of 12,000 francs and declined the grade of vice admiral. Returning to pub- lic life, he was made prime minister, Jan. 26, 1862. He was prominent in the provisional government of 1863, and was a member of the deputation sent to Copenhagen to offer the throne to Prince George. In March and April, 1864, he was minister of marine and president of the council, and again from August, 1864, to March 14, 1865. CANARY BIRD (fringilla Canaria, Swains.), a well known member of the finch family, a native of the Canary islands, but naturalized in