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 CAMDEN 647 which formed the bulk of his navy, refused to molest their own colony. An army sent to take possession of the temple of Jupiter Am- mon perished in the sand, and another army, led by Oambyses himself against the Ethio- pians, was reduced by hunger and disease. Those disasters seem to have deprived Cam- iivses of his senses, and his subsequent conduet was that of a madman. He put his brother Smerdis to death, killed one of his sisters, who was (contrary to Persian law) also his wife, because she mourned for Smerdis, and treated the Egyptians with great cruelty. He gave orders for the destruction of many Egyptian sacred monuments, and slew the god Apis. He ordered Croesus, the ex-monarch of Lydia, to be put to death, and repented immediately that he had done so ; but on finding that his offi- cers had saved Croesus, he ordered them to ex- ecution for disobedience, though he took the Lydian again into favor. . His eccentricities and long stay in Egypt brought about a revolution in Persia, where Gomates, a Magus, personated Smerdis. and was acknowledged as king. Cam- byses received the news in Syria, and was pre- paring to subdue the impostor, who was sup- ported by the adherents of the Magian religion, when he died, according to Herodotus, from a wound accidentally inflicted by his own sword. CAMDEN, the name of four counties in the United States. I. A S. W. county of New Jersey, separated from Pennsylvania by the Delaware river ; area, 220 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 46,193. The surface is generally level, the soil of the E. part sandy, and that of the W. a rich loam, yielding quantities of fruit and vegetables for the Philadelphia markets. It is traversed by the Camden and Amboy, Camden and At- lantic, Camden and Burlington County, West Jersey and Vineland railroads, and a branch of the New Jersey Southern railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 85,284 bushels of wheat, 27,036 of rye, 320,774 of Indian corn, 376,369 of Irish and 113,523 of sweet potatoes, 16,389 tons of hay, and 206,775 Ibs. of butter. There were 2,838 horses, 4,555 milch cows, 1,174 other cattle, 990 sheep, and 6,875 swine. Capital, Camden. II. A N. E. county of North Carolina, bounded N. by Virginia, S. and S. W. by Albemarle sound and Pasquotank river ; area, 280 sq. m., part of which is occupied by the Dismal Swamp; pop. in 1870, 5,361, of whom 2,121 were colored. It has a level sur- face and a fertile soil. Valuable forests of cedar and cypress exist, and the exportation of the timber and other products is facilitated by the Dismal Swamp canal, 22 m. long. The chief productions in 1870 were 2,823 bushels of wheat, 329,660 of Indian corn, 10,430 of oats, 2-U>55 of sweet potatoes, and 58 bales of cot- ton. There were 576 horses, 828 milch cows, 1,49 6 other cattle, 1,075 sheep, and 7,300 swine. Capital, Camden Court House. III. A S. E. county of Georgia, bordering on Florida and the Atlantic, bounded S. by St. Mary's river, W. partly by the Santillu, and N. by the Little Santilla ; area, 600 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 4,615, of whom 3,157 were colored. It includes Cumberland island in the Atlantic, 18 m. long, 2 or 3 m. wide, and separated from the main- land by a narrow channel. The surface is level and the soil sandy. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 28,552 bushels of Indian corn, 19,187 of sweet potatoes, 145 bales of cotton, and 2,877,020 Ibs. of rice. There were 226 horses, 2,073 milch cows, 4,682 other cat- tle, and 3,585 swine. Capital, Jeft'ersonton. IV. A central county of Missouri, drained by the Osage and several other rivers ; area, 600 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,108, of whom 149 were colored. The surface is undulating, and the soil tolerably fertile. Lead mines are worked near Osage river, which is navigable during a short time every year. The Atlantic and Pa- cific railroad touches the S. E. border. The chief productions in 1870 were 43,010 bushels of wheat, 181,288 of Indian corn, 23,415 of oats, and 25,507 Ibs. of tobacco. There were 2,030 horses, 1,544 milch cows, 2,935 other cattle, 6,874 sheep, and 9,916 swine. Capital, Linn Creek. nilDKY. I. A city and the capital of Cam- den county, N. J. ; pop. in 1870, 20,045. It is built on a plain on the left bank of the Delaware, immediately opposite the city of Philadelphia, with which it is connected by four ferries. The streets are regular, and in- tersect one another at right angles. There are many fine buildings; the principal public edi- fices are a court house and jail, and the rail- road depots. There are several iron founde- ries, chemical and glass works, and some other manufactories. In 1871 there were 12 public schools with 8 male and 59 female teachers, and 1,450 male and 1,550 female pupils. There are three weekly newspapers. The city was chartered in 1831. It is the terminus of the Camden and Amboy, the West Jersey, and the Camden and Atlantic railroads. II. The capital of Kershaw county, S. C., 102 m. N. N. W. of Charleston; pop. in 1870, 1,007, of whom 555 were colored. It is situated in a fertile and productive region, on the E. bank of the Wate- ree river, which is navigable to this point by steamboats, and is crossed by a bridge near the town. It is the terminus of the Camden branch of the South Carolina railroad, and contains an arsenal, academy, factory, bank, 4 churches, and a weekly newspaper. A battle was fought here, Aug. 16, 1780, between Gates and Corn- wallis, in which the former was routed and De Kalb mortally wounded; and another, known as the engagement of Hobkirk's Hill, April 25, 1781, between Greene and Rawdon, the latter of whom kept the field. A monument to De Kalb was erected in 1825, of which Lafayette laid the corner stone. Two Indian mounds exist near the town. III. The capi- tal of Wilcox county, Ala., 33 m. S. W. of Selma; pop. in 1870, 3,060, of whom 2,225 were colored. It stands on a healthy emi- nence, about 4 m. from the Alabama river, and