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 638 CAMBAY CAMBODIA his motion that counsel were allowed to the kincr, and were also permitted to communicate with him freely. He voted for the condemna- tion of that monarch, but was in favor of a provisional reprieve, and of death only in case of a hostile invasion. Through the reign of violence which followed he is said to have en- deavored to restrain the more arbitrary acts of the body, but he acted with Marat, Kobes- pierre, and Barere. On Jan. 24, 1793, he was chosen secretary to the convention, and it be- came his duty, in the session of March 26, to report the treason of Dumouriez. After the fall of Robespierre (Jifly, 1794) he was presi- dent of the committee of public safety, and en- deavored to put an end to the reign of terror. The same year he presented a plan for a civil code, which was always a favorite project with him ; but his republicanism became suspected, and he was not successful, lie tried unsuc- cessfully to become a member of the directory, but secured a seat in the council of 500, where he renewed his efforts in behalf of a civil code (1796), which was subsequently made the basis of the Code Napoleon. After the movement of the 30th Prairial of the year VII. (June 18, 1799), he accepted the office of minister of jus- tice under the directory. After the coup d'etat of the 18th Brumaire, in which he had taken no part, Cambaceres was continued by Bona- parte as minister of justice, and was soon after (Dec. 25, 1799) appointed second consul. On the elevation of Napoleon to the imperial dig- nity he became arch-chancellor of the empire, in which capacity he had to communicate all the emperor's measures to the senate. The grand cordon of the legion of honor and many distinguished foreign orders fell to his lot, and in 1808 he received the title of duke of Parma. He presided over the discussions of the civil code, assisting the committee largely by his legal knowledge, his judgment, and his previous study of the subject. During the campaign of 1813 he was president of the council of regency ; but on the approach of the allies in 1814 he re- paired to Blois, and from that place sent in his assent to the recall of the Bourbons. For a while afterward he lived in retirement, until Napoleon's escape from Elba and reassumption of power placed him once more in office. He acted as minister of justice and president of the chamber of peers. At the restoration he re- tired again, taking up his residence at Brussels, where he was permanently exiled, as one of those who had consented to the death of Louis XVI. In 1818, however, he was pardoned, and returned to Paris. He was an adroit poli- tician, an accomplished jurist, and a very skil- ful diplomatist, but was facile in principle, and the willing instrument of the superior genius of Napoleon. Having been a Jacobin in the revolution, he became an ostentatious aristocrat under the empire, eagerly reviving and display- ing the titles and ceremonies of the old regime. CAMBAY. I. A city of British India, prov- ince of Guzerat, situated at the head of the gulf of Cambay, at the mouth of the Mahee river, in lat. 22 21' N., Ion. 72 32' E., 75 m. N. X. W. of Surat, and 230 m. N. W. of Bombay; pop. about 10,000, almost equally divided between Hindoos and Mohammedans. It was formerly much larger than at present. There are sev- eral mosques, the Jumna Mosseid, a grand structure 210 ft. square, being the principal, and a number of subterranean temples of the Jains, a sect whose religion formerly predomi- nated in this region. It had formerly a large commerce, and exported silk, chintz goods, and indigo. It still sends to Bombay some grain, indigo, and tobacco, and its jewellers and lapi- daries are celebrated for their skill. II. (jnlf of, an inlet of the Indian ocean on the W. coast of India, 32 m. wide at its mouth, and 72 m. long. It is gradually becoming shallower. It is noted for the height of its tides, and re- ceives the Taptee, Nerbudda, Mahee, Subber- mutty, Bhadar, and other rivers. CAMBERWELL, a parish of England, county of Surrey, in the S. suburbs of London ; pop. in 1871, 111,302. The old village of Camber- ville is now the business portion of the par- ish, while the rising ground in the S. and 8. E., known as the Grove, Champion, Denmark, and Herne hills, is built up with handsome modern mansions. The parish church, in the later Gothic style, was built about 1520, and enlarged in 1786. There are many other churches and dissenting chapels, a free gram- mar school founded in 1618, and several charity schools. The parish is intersected by many railways, and the Surrey canal terminates in it. CAHBIASO, Lnca, called LTJCHETTO DA GE- NOVA, a Genoese artist, born at or near Genoa in 1527, died in Madrid in 1585. His best works are the "Martyrdom of St. George" and the " Eape of the Sabines." At the invi- tation of Philip II. he visited Spain in 1583, and executed a fine composition, representing the " Assemblage of the Blessed," on the ceil- ing of the Escurial. CAMBLNI, Giuseppe, an Italian composer, born in Leghorn, Feb. 13, 1746, died in the alms- house at Bicetre about 1832. He studied un- der Martini at Bologna, and at Vienna under Haydn, and in 1770 settled in Paris. His life was very irregular, and he finally became a pauper. He composed over 60 symphonies, besides innumerable concertos, oratorios, and pieces of instrumental music. Those adapted for the violin were the most successful. CAMBODIA (Fr. Cambodge), a kingdom of Further India, under the protectorate of France, between lat. 10 and 14 N., and Ion. 103 and 106 E., bounded N. by Siam, N. E. by Annm, S. E. and S. by French Cochin China, and S. W. and W. by the gulf of Siam. Its greatest length is about 270 m., greatest breadth about 130 m.; area, about 35,000 sq. m. ; pop. estimated at 1,000,000, of which number nearly 60,000 are Anamese, 40,000 Chinese, 40,000 Siamese and Laos; about 10,000 belong to mountain tribes living in a state of almost complete independence.