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 628 CALOYERS sor of theology at Wittenberg. He was en- gaged in numerous theological controversies, conducted with much intemperance on each side; was a rigid adherent of his sect, and opposed the Socinians, and also the conciliatory views of George Calixtus, to which he was the first to apply the name of Syncretism. Among his principal works were: Systema Loeorum Theologicorum (Wittenberg, 12 parts, 1665- '77) ; Apodixis Articiilorum Fidel (1686) ; Hiitoria Syncretistica (1682). CALOYERS, or Calogeri (Gr. icaUf ytpuv, a handsome old man), Greek monks, mostly of the order of St. Basil. Their principal con- vents are on Mount Athos, and are especially resorted to by young men of good family, who find there excellent teaching and a reputable mode of life. The pupils not only read the Greek fathers, but other Christian writings; and those who desire it receive a systematic course of theological instruction. The regular clergy of the Greek church is generally recruit- ed here. Those who prefer monastic life are bound to celibacy, to abstain from meat, and to observe four lents in the year, besides other fasts. They wear a dark cassock, with a belt and a flat cap of the same hue. This is also the costume of the secular clergy, except a white band round the lower part of the cap. Some convents of Caloyers are to be found in the Morea ; but they are in point of learning and discipline inferior to their brethren in the north. Among the Caloyers, besides those who live in congregations, there are anchorets, who prefer dwelling alone, or with one or two companions, in hermitages ; and recluses, who live in grottoes or caverns, on alms furnished to them by the monasteries. There are also convents of female Caloyers. CALPE, the ancient name of the rock of Gib- raltar, at the S. extremity of Spain, the north- ern of the two hills called by the ancients the pillars of Hercules. Across the straits of Gib- raltar, on the African coast, was Abyla, the southern pillar. CALPEE, or Kalpee, a town of British India, in the district of Bundelcund, province of Do.ub, on the right bank of the Jumna, 45 m. S. W. of Cawnpore ; pop. about 25,000. It is a large but ill-built town, the houses being constructed of mud or of conglomerate, with a fort command- ing the river, but of no great strength. It is the depot for the cotton trade of Bundelcund, and is famous for the manufacture of remark- ably fine refined sugar. Paper making is also carried on to some extent. Calpee was taken from the Mahrattas by the British in 1778, was subsequently relinquished, and in 1802 was again acquired by the East India company by the treaty of Bassein. It was at that time occupied by Nana Govind Row, jaghirdar of Jaloon, who refused to give it up to the Brit- ish, and was accordingly besieged, and finally forced into submission. In 1858 Sir Hugh Rose captured the town from the sepoys, after some hard fighting. CALUMICK CALPI'RMl'S, Titus, a Latin pastoral poet, born in Sicily, lived near the end of the 3d century. Eleven eclogues bearing his name are extant. Little is known of his life, and his eclogues have been by critics variously divided and distributed between himself, his contem- poraries, and his copyists. There is some re- semblance in style between these eclogues and those of Virgil. CALTAG1RONE, or Calatagironc, a city of Sicily, 34 m. S. W. of Catania ; pop. about 24,000. It is built on the summit of a steep mountain 1,800 ft. high, and with its suburbs covers a consider- able extent of ground. It is the see of a bishop, and is one of the wealthiest and best built towns on the island. Its inhabitants excel in all the useful arts, and many of them find em- ployment in the potteries and cotton factories of the place. There are several churches, palaces, convents, and a royal college. The town was fortified by the Saracens, and taken from them by the Genoese. Roger Guiscard granted it many privileges. CALTANISETTA. I. A -province of central Sicily, bounded N. by Palermo, E. and S. E. by Catania, S. by the Mediterranean, and S. W. and W. by Girgenti; area, 1,455 sq. m. ; pop. in 1872, 230,066. It comprises the three districts of Caltanisetta, Piazza Armerina, and Terra Nova di Sicilia. Mountains extend along the N. border. The principal river is the Salso. The soil is very fertile, and produces good wine, olive oil, almonds, cotton, and hemp. Iron, sulphur, excellent marble, several kinds of agate, and alabaster are found. The inhabi- tants are chiefly occupied with agriculture and cattle raising. Among the industrial establish- ments are several iron founderies and manu- factories of chemicals. II. The capital of the province, situated on a high plain near the right bank of the Salso, on the railroad from Girgenti to Catania, 65 m. S. E. of Palermo ; pop. about 20,000. It is well built, with broad, straight streets, a handsome square, and sev- eral fine edifices. In its vicinity are a small volcano which emits water and sand accom- panied by jets of hydrogen gas, and extensive sulphur works. CALUMET, an E. county of Wisconsin, along the E. shore of Winnebago lake ; area, 360 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 12,335. The surface is mountainous, a high ridge running across the county nearly parallel with the lake. The soil is fertile, timber is abundant, and pasturage is good. The chief productions in 1870 were 340,040 bushels of wheat, 42,344 of Indian corn, 175,294 of oats, 13,230 tons of hay, 305,386 Ibs. of butter, 34,801 of wool, and 20,000 of hops. There were 2,776 horses, 4,186 milch cows, 4,877 other cattle, 9,488 sheep, and 5,650 swine. Capital, Chilton. ( U.MIII'k, or Calumet, a river which rises in Porter co., Ind., flows westward into Illinois, and there divides. One of its branches enters Lake Michigan a few miles S. of Chicago ; the other makes a bend, runs eastward par-