Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/565

 CAJATAMBO CAJEPUT OIL 559 ginal name of this city, the scene of the arrest, captivity, and .judicial murder of the Inca Ata- huallpa in 1533, was Oasamarca, " city of frost." It lies at an elevation equal to that of Quito ; but being sheltered by the surround- ing mountains, its climate is mild and agree- able. In every direction in the vicinity are seen cultivated fields and gardens intersected by avenues of willows, varieties of the datura, bearing red, white, and yellow flowers, mi- mosas, and beautiful quinuar trees. The streets are wide and regular, and the houses, for the most part of mud and whitewashed, present a lively and pleasing aspect. The appearance of the churches, nearly all of cut stone of enor- mous dimensions, and embellished with spires and cupolas, is unusually imposing. A con- siderable trade is carried on with some of the seaports, especially Trujillo, and a railway now in process of construction (1873) will shortly connect Cajamarca with the port of Pacasmayo. Woollen, linen, and cotton goods, sword blades, daggers, and other articles of steel and of the precious metals, form the most important industry of the inhabitants. Near the city stand the remains of the ancient resi- dence of Atahuallpa, surrounded by fruit gardens and irrigated fields of lucerne; while in the distance are seen columns of smoke rising from the warm sulphur springs of Pulta- marea, still called Baftos del Inca, the Inca's baths. Some portions of the Inca's palace in the city, situated on a hill of porphyry, and originally hollowed out of the solid rock, have been converted into a jail and a town hall. The room in which Atahuallpa was confined for nine months is still pointed out. The custom of burying treasure was common among the an- cient Peruvians, and subterraneous chambers still exist beneath many private dwellings in Cajainarca. CAJATAMBO, an inland town of Pern, capital of a province of the same name in the depart- ment of Junin, 140 m. N". N. E. of Lima ; pop. about 3,200. It is situated in the midst of a fertile plain at the foot of the Andes, watered by a branch of the river Barranca. The in- habitants are mostly employed in spinning woollen yarn for export to Lima. The prov- ince (area, 1,500 sq. m.; pop. 24,750) is for the most part mountainous and barren, with a rigorous climate, but contains the remains of numerous ancient towns and aqueducts. It has considerable trade in wool, salt, sulphur, and vitriol. CAJAZZO, or Catazzo (anc. Calatia), a town of S. Italy, in the province of Caserta, 11 m. N. E. of Capua, near the Volturno ; pop. about 6,500. It is defended by a castle built by the Lombards. There are ancient inscriptions, re- mains of massive walls, and an ancient cistern which still supplies the town with water. CAJEPDT OIL, a volatile oil, distilled from the leaves of a small myrtaceous tree or shrub, found alone in the island of Booro in the Ma- lay archipelago, a species of melaleuca named 139 VOL. m. 36 the eajuputi, though possibly it is the M. mi- nor of De Oandolle. The name is a corruption of the Malay designation of the oil, minyak kayu-putih, " white wood oil," the latter words being written by the Dutch cajoeputi. The whiteness of the bark of the tree is the cause of the name given to the oil. It is in high repute, not only as a liniment, but as an internal remedy, among the different peoples of the archipelago, especially the Javanese. A few Chinese and Javanese traders of Batavia are the sole factors of the trade in cajeput. The leaves are gathered on a dry hot day, and being steeped in water they commence fer- menting, and are then distilled. The quantity of oil obtained is small, and being extensively used by the Malays, it commands a very high price. It is imported in glass bottles, and as received is commonly of a fine green color, which has been attributed to the copper ves- Cajeput (Melaleuca cajuputt). sels in which it is prepared. Copper has in- deed been detected in some samples of it ; but not always being found, the color is supposed by some to be the natural color of the oil, de- rived from the greenish principle or chloro- phyll of the leaves. Whatever may be the cause, the color disappears on rectifying the oil. It is then a very thin fluid, transparent, of a warm, pungent taste, and an odor like that of camphor and turpentine mixed. It is soluble in alcohol, but only partially in water, burns readily without residue, and is of specific gravity 0-914 to 0'927. It is often adulterated with oil of turpentine and camphor, or oil of rosemary. It is used in medicine for its highly stimulant quality, either as an external appli- cation mixed with the same quantity of olive oil for gouty and rheumatic pains, or taken in- ternally in cases of chronic rheumatism and spasmodic affections of the bowels. Some have highly recommended its use in cholera. It is introduced into the cavities of aching teeth, to relieve the pain.