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 432 BULOW over Oudinot, and near Donnewitz, Sept. 6, commanding under Bernadotte, he defeated Ney, for which the king made him grand knight of the Iron Cross. At the close of the battle of Leipsic, Oct. 19, he was foremost in storming the gates of the city. He drove most of the French out of Belgium and Holland, and effected a junction with Blucher in Champagne, March 4, 1814, after having captured Lafere and Soissons. He had a prominent share in the victory near Laon, took Compie'gne, and held the Montmartre while the allied troops entered Paris. For these achievements he was made general of infantry and count of Denne- witz, with estates valued at 200,000 thalers. He contributed essentially to the victory of Waterloo, by bringing up the 4th corps, in forced marches, to reenforce Blucher ; and Wellington fully acknowledged his services. He was equally accomplished in the theory and practice of military science, and was respected for his virtues. Frederick William III. erected in Berlin a marble statue in honor of his memory. Varnhagen von Ense wrote Leben des Generals Grafen Bulow ton Dennewitz (Berlin, 1854). II. Adam Heinrich Dietrich, baron von, a military writer, brother of the preceding, born at Falkenberg about 1757, died probably in Riga in 1807. He was educa- ted at the military academy in Berlin. After having acted with the insurgents in the Nether- lands against Joseph II., he devoted himself in Germany to the stage, and twice visited the United States. He was unsuccessful in a busi- ness speculation, and after his return to Ger- many published a very unfavorable account of this country, Der Freistaat von Nordamerika in seinem neuesten Zustande (2 vols., Berlin, 1797). His principal publication is his anony- mous Geist des neuen Kriegssystems (Hamburg, 1799 ; 3d enlarged ed., 1835), from which he hoped for official employment. Not obtaining this, he engaged in a newspaper enterprise in London, where he failed, and was imprisoned for debt until his brother the general came to his relief. He next led a restless life in France, from which he was expelled in 1804. He was afterward imprisoned in Berlin and Kolberg, at the request of the Russian government, which had taken umbrage at the personalities of his Geschichte des Feldzugs von 1805 (2 vols., Ber- lin, 1806), and was eventually surrendered to the Russians. He wrote many other military works, contributed to military periodicals, and published Leben des Prinzen Heinrich von Premsen (2 vols., Berlin, 1806). His father became a Swedenborgian in the latter part of his life, and Baron Adam left a posthumous work on Swedenborgianism, Nunc permissum est: Coup cFoiil sur la doctrine de la nouvelle Eglise ehretienne (Kolberg, 1809). BiJLOW, Hans Gnido Ton, a German pianist and composer, born at Dresden, Jan. 8, 1830. His father, Karl Eduard von Billow (1807-'53), was a novelist and poet. The son commenced the study of music at an early age as an ama- BULRUSH teur, being intended by his father for the law; but as his tastes became more decided, he final- ly, by the advice of Liszt and Wagner, aban- doned his law studies at Berlin, and devoted himself to music. His father, displeased at this decision, refused him support ; but both Wag- ner and Liszt gave him assistance, the former obtaining for him in 1850 the position of chief of orchestra, of the theatre at Zurich, where the operas Tannhauser and Lohengrin were being performed. In 1851 he went to Weimar, and studied the piano and composition for two years under Liszt's direction. In 1 852 he play- ed for the first time in public, at a musical fes- tival in Ballenstedt ; and in the same year his overture to "Julius Crosar" was performed for the first time, and he became one of the editors of the Neue Zeitschrift fUr MusiTc of Leipsic, advocating the progressive school of which Wagner was the chief. He succeeded Kullak as first professor of the piano at the Berlin conservatory in 1855. In 1857 he mar- ried Cosima, natural daughter of Liszt and the countess d'Agoult. In 1858 he was appointed court pianist at Berlin. In 1864 he went to Russia, where he made a great reputation as a pianist and orchestral conductor. In 1867 he became chapelmaster and director of opera to the king of Bavaria. His wife having deserted him for Wagner, Von Billow in 1869 obtained a divorce in the Bavarian courts ; and in De- cember, 1870, she married his former friend. Von Billow's works are nearly 30 in number, the most celebrated among them being his overture and music to "Julius Gfflsar," "The Minstrel's Curse" for orchestra, and "Nir- wana," a composition founded on an Indian legend. Besides these he has composed songs and choruses and numerous pianoforte pieces, the most popular of which have been transcrip- tions from Liszt, Wagner, Berlioz, Handel, and Bach. As a conductor of orchestra he has no superior in Europe. As a pianist his only rival is Rubinstein, since Liszt no longer appears in the concert room. An extraordinary charac- teristic of the man is that he never plays his own com- positions in public. BULRUSH (scirpus lacustris, Linn.), an aquatic plant, with a large cylindrical stem from 3 to 8 ft. high, the sheath often bearing a small, linear, awl- shaped leaf, and the culm tipped with an erect and point- ed involucral leaf. It has numerous spikes in a com- pound umbel - like panicle, and ovate, Bulrush. sn'ordshaped scales.