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 BONAPARTE 35 general Turr, and the other, MARIE, after the death of her first husband, Frdderic Solrns, in 1862, contracted a second marriage in 1863 with the Italian statesman Ratazzi. (See RA- TAZZI.) II. Charles Lucien Jnles Laurent, prince of Canino and Musignano, a naturalist, son of the preceding, born in Paris, May 24, 1803, died there, July 29, 1857. He was educated in the universities of Italy. In 1822 he married at Brussels his cousin Zenaide, the daughter of Joseph, ex-king of Spain. He joined his father-in-law in Philadelphia, and gained a high reputation as an ornithologist, which was increased by his subsequent labors after his re- turn to Italy in 1828. On the death of his father in 1840 he inherited his princely titles, but continued to devote himself exclusively to scientific pursuits till 1847, when he touched upon politics at the scientific congress of Ven- ice, and was expelled by the Austrian authori- ties. After a visit to London and Copenhagen he went to Rome, where he supported Pius IX. as long as he adhered to a progressive policy ; but when the pope changed front and was eventually driven to Gaeta, the prince of Canino became a prominent leader of the revo- lutionists, was a member and vice president of the constituent assembly, and gallantly up- held the cause of the republic until the occu- pation of Rome by French troops, July 3, 1849, after which he left for France. Despite the warning given him at the frontier, he continued his journey toward Paris, and was arrested at Orleans by order of Louis Napoleon and con- veyed to Havre, whence he sailed for England. In 1850, however, he was permitted to reside in Paris, where in 1854 he became director of the jardin de plantes. He was the founder and president of many scientific congresses in Italy, lectured before them on natural history, and was elected member of the academies of sciences of Upsal and Berlin, and correspon- dent of the French institute. He wrote exten- sively on American and European ornithology and other branches of natural history. Many of his writings are contained in academical annals and other periodical publications. His principal separate works are : "American Or- nithology, or the Natural History of Birds in- habiting the United States, not given by Wil- son" (4 vols. 4to, illustrated, Philadelphia, 1825-'33, with descriptions of over 100 new species of birds discovered by him); Specchio comparativo delle ornithologie di Roma e di Filadelfia (Pisa, 1827, establishing a compari- son between European and American birds) ; and Iconografia della fauna Italica (3 vols., royal 4to, richly illustrated, Rome, 1833-'41). His latest and partly posthumous productions comprise Catalogue de oiseanx d'Europe (1 vol. 4to, Paris, 1856) ; Iconographie des pit/eons, .and in conjunction with M. de Pouance Icono- yf'ij'fiie des perroquets (Paris, 1857-'9). A volume of "Memoirs of Himself" was pub- lished in New York in 1836. His wife, an ac- complished woman, who translated Schiller's dramas and assisted her husband in his scien- tific labors, died in Italy, Aug. 8, 1854. She bore him twelve children, four of whom died young. The surviving five daughters became respectively the wives of Marquis Roccagio- vine, Count Primoli, Count Campello, and Prince Placido Gabrielli. The eldest son, JOSEPH LUCIEN CHARLES NAPOLEON, born in Philadelphia, Feb. 13, 1824, barely escaped assassination in Rome, Feb. 10, 1850, though he was not connected with politics, and died in that city, Sept. 2, 1865. He was succeeded as head of the family by his brother, LUCIEN Louis JOSEPH NAPOLEON, born in Rome, Nov. 15, 182. He was ordained as a priest in 1853, and is a great favorite of Pius IX., whose privy chamberlain he was till 1868, when he was made cardinal. Napoleon III. conferred upon him in 1865 the title of French prince and of highness, and during the existence of the second empire he was generally regarded as a Bonapartist candidate for the papacy. His only surviving brother is NAPOLEON GKE- GOIEE JACQUES PHILIPPE, born in Rome, Feb. 5, 1839. He married in 1859 the Italian princess Ruspoli, and the title of highness was conferred upon him in 1861. He became captain in the Algerian rifle corps, and joined the Mexican expedition. III. Louis Lucicii, a philologist and chemist, second son of Lucien, born at Thorngrove, Worcestershire, England, Jan. 4, 1813. In his early life he resided in the United States and in Italy, mainly devoting himself to philological and other scientific studies. After the revolution of February, 1848, he was chosen member for Corsica to the constituent assembly, but his election was annulled. In 1849, however, he was chosen by the department of the Seine to the legis- lative assembly; and in 1852 he was made senator, with the title of French prince and highness. His works on chemistry, and espe- cially on philology, won for him a doctor's diploma from the university of Oxford, the membership of the academy of sciences of St. Petersburg, and other marks of distinction. He has published translations of St. Matthew's par- able of the sower into 72 European dialects ; La langue basque et les langues finnoises (London, 1862); a Basque version of Solomon's Song (1863) ; and numerous other writings relating to Basque, Celtic, and other branches of phi- lology, besides several works in French and in Italian on chemistry. IV. Pierre Napoleon, third son of Lucien, popularly known as Prince Pierre, born in Rome, Sept. 12, 1815. He went in 1832 to the United States, served with San- tander in South America, and was involved in quarrels owing to his violent temper. He then returned to Italy, where he soon made himself obnoxious, and in 1836 the papal authorities ordered him to depart. Of the policemen who came to escort him to the frontier he killed the chief and wounded two of the subordinates ; but being himself wounded in the fray, he was obliged to surrender, and for a considerable