Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/385

 BUCHANAN 379 3,777, of whom 47 were colored. Much of the surface is mountainous. It is watered by Lou- isa, Russell, and Tug forks of the Sandy river. The chief productions in 1870 were 3,184 bush- els of wheat, 82,624 of Indian corn, 14,990 of oats, and 71,955 Ibs. of butter. There were 503 horses, 1,565 milch cows, 2,953 other cattle, 5,424 sheep, and 6,686 swine. Capital, Buchan- an. II. A N. E. county of Iowa; area, 576 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 17,034. The Duhuque and Sioux City railroad traverses the centre of the county. It is watered by affluents of the Red Cedar river, and by the Wapsipinicon river and Buffalo creek, which intersect it, and is well timbered. The chief productions in 1870 were 719,581 bushels of wheat, 617,310 of Indian corn, 534,530 of oats, 85,282 of potatoes, 28,567 tons of hay, 39,90 Ibs. of wool, and 533,519 of butter. There were 6,563 horses, 6,130 milch cows, 8,555 other cattle, 10,687 sheep, and 16,006 swine. Capital, Independence. III. A N. W. county of Missouri, separated from Kansas by the Missouri river ; area, about 450 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 35,109, of whom 1,953 were colored. It is intersected by the Little Platte river, and also drained by Castile and Livingston creeks. The soil is fertile. The railroads passing through the county are the Hannibal and St. Joseph, the Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluff, the Marysville branch of the same, and the Lexington and St. Joseph branch of the North Missouri. The chief productions in 1870 were 239,874 bushels of wheat, 1,070,517 of Indian corn, 157,611 of oats, 122,051 of potatoes, and 3,172 tons of hay. There were 4,542 horses, 1,709 mules and ass- es, 3,871 milch cows, 5,475 other cattle, 8,729 sheep, and 20,711 swine. Capital, St. Josephs. BUCHANAN, Claudius, D. D., an English mis- sionary, born at Cambuslang, near Glasgow, March 12, 1766, died in Hertfordshire, England, Feb. 9, 1815. He was educated at Cambridge, and in 1796 appointed chaplain of the East India company; and when the marquis of Welles- ley founded a college at Fort William, he was nominated vice provost and classical professor. In 1808 he returned to England. He was the author of " Christian Researches in Asia," and other works, which had a great influence both in England and America in directing the atten- tion of the religious public to the promotion of Christianity in India. At the time of his death he was employed in superintending an edition of the Scriptures for the Syrian Chris- tians of the Malabar coast. His biography has been written by Dr. Hugh Pearson (London, 1819; newed., 1846). BUCHANAN, Franklin, an American naval offi- cer, born in Baltimore about 1800. He entered the navy in 1815, was the first superintendent of the United States naval academy (1845-'7), became captain in 1855, and in 1861 was com- mandant of the navy yard at Washington. On April 19, the day when the Massachusetts vol- unteers were attacked in the streets of Balti- more, he sent in his resignation; but finding that Maryland did not secede, he asked to be restored. His request being refused, he en- tered the confederate service, superintended the fitting up of the iron-clad Merrimack, and commanded this vessel in her attack upon the federal fleet in Hampton roads. He was wounded during the engagement of the first day (March 8, 1862), and forced to relinquish the command. He subsequently rose to the rank of admiral in the confederate service, and commanded the fleet in Mobile bay which was defeated by Farragut, Aug. 5, 1864. In this engagement he was severely wounded, taken prisoner, and detained until the close of the war. He has since been employed as an insur- ance agent in Mobile. BUCHANAN, George, a Scottish author, born at Killearn, Stirlingshire, in February, 1506, died in Edinburgh, Sept. 28, 1582. He was sent to Paris for his education, returned in about two years to Scotland, and in 1523 was engaged in a border foray and the storming of a castle in England. Two years later he took a degree at St. Andrews, and shortly after went again to Paris, where he remained connected with the university several years. In 1537 he was in Scotland as tutor to one of the sons of James V., when he wrote some satirical poems directed against the monks and friars. Obliged to flee, he repaired successively to London, Paris, Bordeaux, and Portugal. His occupation was probably that of teaching the rudiments of Latin in the universities, but he published four tragedies upon the classical model, and various odes and poems, by which his name became widely known. In 1548 he was imprisoned by the inquisition at Coimbra, and after a year and a half removed to a monastery, where he made a celebrated ver- sion of the Psalms in Latin verse. After re- maining here a few months he was dismissed and sailed for England. In 1553 he returned to France, and in 1562 was at court in Scot- land, and classical tutor to Queen Mary, who showed him many favors. In 1566 he was made principal of St. Leonard's college, and about this time declared himself a Protestant. His Fratres Fraterrimi, another satire upon the friars, was published in 1564. In 1566, and again in 1567, he collected and published an edition of his poems. Entering the service of Murray, he became one of the bitterest of the queen's accusers, and was one of the chief agents in the production of the celebrated cas- ket letters. In the investigation at York in 1568 he was a representative of the Scottish lords. His De Maria Scotorum Regina totaque ejus contra Regem Conjuratione, F&do cum Bothuellio Adulterio, &c., was first printed in London in 1571, and translated into English the same year (" A Detection of the Doings of Mary Queen of Scots"). It contains copies of the casket letters, and is the principal source of the accusations which have since been brought against Mary's character. In 1570 he was in- trusted with the education of James VI., then